Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PAKISTAN
By
Chairman,
Pakistan National IGBP Committee
PAKISTAN
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
PROFILE 149 million
Population:
Growth Rate: 2.06%
Literacy rate: 51%
Male 53%
Female 29%
Rainfall
Annual average (weighted): 278 mm
•South: 80 - 200 mm
•North: 250 – 1600 mm
Water Pollution
• Existing water resources under threat due to untreated
discharge of municipal and industrial wastes. (Pak-EPA
study: Biological Oxygen Demand of river Ravi (Lahore)was 300
mg/litre (9 mg/l is acceptable)
• Increasing use of agro-chemicals polluting river and
underground water
• Drinking water unfit for human consumption in most
cities
Industrial Pollution
• Imports 525 types of chemicals for processing
industries, in addition to locally produced
Loss of Biodiversity
R&D EXPENDITURE
3.5
3
2.5
% of GNP
2 Total
1.5 Private Sector
1
0.5
0
Japan Korea India Pakistan
Source: PCST Publications, “S&T Potential 1990” & “S&T Indicators of Pakistan, 1999”.
UNESCO Year Book 1999
R&D MANPOWER
3000
2500
Per Million Population
2000 1996-97
1500
1000
500
0
S ingapore Korea India Malays ia Pak is tan
Global Change impact assessment for Himalayan Mountain Region for Environmental
Management and Sustainable Development” APN #2003-3 (Nepal, India, Pakistan)
Inventory of Glaciers and Glacial Lakes and the identification of Potential Glacial Lake
Outburst Floods (GLOFs) affected by Global Warming in the Mountains
APN #2003-5 (Nepal, Pakistan, India, China, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea)
An assessment of nutrient, sediment and carbon fluxes to the coastal zone in South
Asia and their relationship to human activities-(APN #2001-20) : (Srilanka,
Pakistan, India, Nepal, USA, Australia)