Professional Documents
Culture Documents
And Visually
Presented by
Mohammad Hussain
&
Komal Zehra
Audience
Adaptation
Audience Adaptation is the Active process of verbally and
visually relating material directly to the specific audience. You will
recall that an affective speech plan is a product of five action Steps:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
• Developing Common ground
• Building and maintaining audience interest
• Relating to the audience’s level of understanding
• Reinforcing or changing audience’s attitudes towards
you and your topic
• Relating information visually
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------
Developing
Common Ground
Common Ground - Awareness that the speaker and
the audience share the same or similar information,feelings,
and experiences.
-------
Use Personal Pronouns -
Pronouns referring directly to the one speaking, spoken to, or spoken
about
Ask Rhetorical Questions -
Questions phrased to simulate a mental response rather than a
spoken response
Share Common Experience -
Share your common Experience by selecting and presenting personal
experiences
Personalize Information -
Relating information to specific audience references
Creating and Maintaining
Audience Interest
L istener’s interest depends on whether they
believe the information has personal impact
----
Below are four Principle you can use to build and maintain Audience
interest
Timeliness
Listeners are more likely to be interested in information they perceive as timely
they want to know how they can use that information now
Proximity
Information with a relationship to personal space
Seriousness
Information having Physical, economic or Physiological impact
Vividness
Information that arouses our sense
Adapting to the audience’s
level of Understanding
If you Predict that your listeners do not
have the necessary background to
understand the information that you will
present in your speech, you will need to
orient them. If, however, you predict that
your audience has sufficient background,
you will need to present information in a
way that will ensure continuous
Orienting Listeners
understanding
e likely to stop paying attention if they are lost at the start of th
There are three steps that are defined to build a positive attitude
towards you as the speaker
----
• Yourself
• Objects
• Models
• Photographs
• Films
• Slides
Yourself
On Occasion, you can be your own best visual aid. For
instance, through descriptive gestures you can show
the height of tennis net; through your postures and
movement you can show the motions involved in the
butterfly swimming stroke; and through your own
attire you can illustrate the native dress of foreign
country
Objects
A cell phone, a basketball, or a braided rug
are the kind of objects you can bring that
can be seen by the audience. Objects make
good visual aids if
1- They are large enough to be seen (consider
how far away people will be sitting)
2- Small enough to carry around with you.
Models
When an object is too large to bring to the
speech site or too small to be seen, a three-
dimensional model may prove a worth while
substitute. If you were to talk about turbine
engine, a suspension bridge, an Egyptian
Pyramid, or the structure of an atom, a
model might well be the best visual aid.
Working models can be especially eye-
cracking.
Photographs
Photos are useful visual aids when you
need an exact reproduction. To be
effective, they need to be large
enough to be seen from the back of
the room and effective enough to
make your point at glance
Films
Although Films can be brought to class, they are
seldom appropriate for speeches-mostly because
films so dominate that the speaker loses control.
Occasionally during a longer speeches you may
want to use short clips of a minute or two each.
Still, because projecting film requires darkening
the room for that portion of time, using a film in a
speeches is often disruptive. Moreover, to use
films you must bring a projector to class with you.
Slides
The advantage of slides over films is
that you can control when each image
will be shown. The remote-control
device enables you to pace your
slides and talk about each one as long
as necessary. As with films, slides
requires darkening the room when
they are projected, and novice
speakers may lose control of their
audience. And as with films, you must
bring a projector to class with you
(ii)__Visual Aids you can create
The next group of visual aids require more work for you
because you have to create them
• Drawings
• Maps
• Charts
- Word Charts
- Organizational Charts
• Graphs
- Bar graph
- Line graph
- Pie graphs
Drawing
Simple drawings are easy to prepare. If you
can use a compass, a straightedge, and a
measure, you can draw well enough for
most speech purposes.
Stick figures may not be aesthetically
pleasing as professional drawings, but
they work just as well. In fact, elaborate,
detailed drawings are not worth the time
and effort they actually may obscure the
point you wish to make.
Maps
Like drawings, maps are relatively easy to
prepare. Simple maps enables you to
focus on landmarks (mountains, rivers,
and lakes), states, cities, land routes,
or weather system
Charts
A chart is a graphic representation that distills a lot of
information and present it to an audience is easily
interpreted format. Word charts and Organizational
charts are most common examples and used
commonly
Word Charts
Word charts are often used to preview materials that will
be covered in a speech, to summarize materials, and to
remind an audience of speech content.
Organizational Charts
diagram of a complicated system or procedure using
symbol and connecting lines
Graph
A graph is a diagram that compares
information
Below are three common types of Graphs
• Bar graphs
Diagram that compares information with vertical or
horizontal bars to show relationship between two or
more variables at the same time or at various times on
one or more dimension
• Line graphs
A diagram that indicates changes in one or more
variable over time
• Pie graphs
A diagram that shows relationship among parts of
a single unit
A Plan of
Adaptation
Writing a Speech Plan