This paper presents GA technique for optimum coordination of OC relays in a ring fed

distribution system. Constraints are incorporated in the fitness function making use of
the penalty method.
Computer programs (using MATLAB) have been developed for optimum coordination of
OC relays using GA technique.
Depending upon the relay and breaker specifications and system requirements the
constraints can be formed and the optimum coordination can be obtained. The algorithm
is tested for various systems and is found to give satisfactory results in all the cases.

P. Bedekar, S. Bhide, and V. Kale, Optimum coordination of overcurrent relays in distribution
system using genetic algorithm, in Proc. ICPS, 2009, pp. 16.
In this paper author has used nonlinear programming problem (NLPP), for determining
the optimum values of TMS and PS of OCRs and hybrid GA-NLP approach is proposed to
find the optimum solution.

For determining initial values of TMS and PS using GA technique is used and for finding
final (global optimum) values NLP method is used, thus making use of the advantages of
both methods.

The results obtained, after performing pre-specified number of iterations of GA, are taken
as the initial values of variables while applying NLP method.

The objective function and the constraints (relay operating time constraints, and
coordination constraints), are defined in two different function files. These functions are
called in the main program where the MATLAB optimization toolbox function is used to
give the optimum solution.

The algorithm was tested for various system configurations, including multi loop systems,
and was found to give satisfactory results in all the cases.

P. P. Bedekar and S. R. Bhide, Optimum coordination of directional overcurrent relays using the hybrid GA-NLP approach, IEEE Trans.
Power Del., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 109119, Jan. 2011.
In this paper author aimed at finding an optimal solution for the
DOCRs coordination problem such that large number of
coordination constraints related to the different network
topologies are simultaneously satisfied.

The hybrid GA method is designed to improve the convergence
of conventional GA using a local LP optimizer. In the proposed
hybrid method, only the pickup current settings of all relays are
coded into genetic string as discrete variables. The LP is used to
calculate the optimal TMS of relays as continuous variables for
each genetic string.

Due to decreasing the search space of GA and using LP as an
efficient local optimizer, computational efficiency of the new
proposed hybrid GA is significantly improved.
A. Noghabi, J. Sadeh, and H. Mashhadi, Considering different network topologies in optimal overcurrent
relay coordination using a hybrid GA, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 18571863, Oct. 2009.