DCF12 Chapter12

Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Discuss the special
information
requirements of an
enterprise-sized
corporation
Identify information
systems and software
used in the functional
units of an enterprise
Describe and list general
purpose and integrated
information systems
used throughout an
enterprise
Describe and list types of
technologies used
throughout an
enterprise
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2012 Edition
Chapter 12
2
See Page 463
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Describe
virtualization, cloud
computing, and grid
computing
Discuss the
computer hardware
needs and solutions
for an enterprise
Determine why
computer backup is
important and how
it is accomplished
Discuss the steps in
a disaster recovery
plan
Chapter 12
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See Page 463
for Detailed Objectives
What Is Enterprise Computing?
Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,
such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
and network architectures
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Pages 464 - 465
Figure 12-1
Types of enterprises include:
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Page 466
Retail Manufacturing Service
Wholesale Government Educational
Transportation
Most traditional enterprises are organized in a
hierarchical manner
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Page 466
Figure 12-2
In an enterprise, users typically fall into one of
four categories:
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Page 467
Figure 12-3
Executive
Management
Middle
Management
Operational Management
Nonmanagement Employees
Enterprise information is the information
gathered in the ongoing operations of an
enterprise-sized organization
Business intelligence
Business process management
Business process automation
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Page 468
Managers coordinate resources by performing
four activities
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Page 468
Planning
Organizing
Leading
Controlling
Information Systems in the Enterprise
An information system is a set of hardware,
software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information
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Pages 468 - 469
Figure 12-4
Functional units within an enterprise might
include:
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Page 469
Enterprise
Accounting
and Finance
Human
Resources
Engineering or
Product
Development
Manufacturing
Marketing
Sales
Distribution
Customer
Service
Information
Technology
Accounting software manages everyday transactions
Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments
Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze
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Page 470
Figure 12-6
A human resource
information system (HRIS)
manages one or more
human resources functions
Employee relationship
management systems
manage communication
between employees and
the business
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Pages 470 - 471
Figure 12-7
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and
special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
design
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
test product designs
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of
computers to control production equipment
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Page 471
Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate
the many different
operations of the
manufacturing process
Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses
software to help monitor
and control processes
related to production
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Page 471
Figure 12-8
A quality control system helps an
organization maintain or improve the
quality of its products or services
A marketing information system
serves as a central repository for the
tasks of a marketing department
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Pages 471 - 472
Sales force automation (SFA) software equips
traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
they need to be more productive
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Page 472
Figure 12-9
Distribution systems perform the following
functions:
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Page 472
Provide forecasting
for inventory
control
Manage and track
shipping of
products
Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
Customer interaction management (CIM)
software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers
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Pages 472 - 473
The information technology (IT) department makes
technology decisions for the enterprise
Whether to build or buy new information systems
When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
life
A chief information officer (CIO) is an executive position
that oversees the IT department
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Page 473
General purpose information systems generally
fall into one of five categories
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Page 473
Office
Information
System
Transaction
Processing
System
Management
Information
System
Decision
Support
System
Expert System
Batch processing vs. online transaction processing
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Page 474
Figure 12-10
Management Information System Decision Support System
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Pages 474 475
Figures 12-11 12-12
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Page 476
Figure 12-13
Integrated Information Systems
Enterprise resource
planning provides
centralized, integrated
software to help
manage and
coordinate ongoing
activities
Customer relationship
management manages
information about
customers,
interactions with
customers, past
purchases, and
interests
Content management
systems are
information systems
that combine
databases, software,
and procedures
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Pages 477 - 478
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Page 478
Figure 12-15
Enterprise-Wide Technologies and
Methodologies
Some technologies used in enterprises include:
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Page 479
Portals
Electronic
data
interchange
Data
warehouses
Extranets
Web
services
Workflow
Virtual
private
networks
Video: A Tour of Lucasfilm Data Center
Chapter 12
28
CLICK TO START
Methodologies
A portal is a collection of links, content, and services
presented on a Web page that are interesting for a
particular job function
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Pages 479 - 480
Figure 12-16
Methodologies
A data warehouse is a huge database that stores
and manages the data required to analyze
historical and current transactions
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Pages 480 - 481
Figure 12-17
Methodologies
EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer
of business data and information among
computers within and among enterprises
An extranet is the portion of a companys network
that allows customers or suppliers of a company to
access parts of an enterprises intranet
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Pages 480 - 481
Methodologies
Web services allow businesses to create products
and B2B interactions over the Internet
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Pages 481 - 482
Figure 12-18
Methodologies
A workflow is a defined process that identifies the
specific set of steps involved in completing a
particular project or business process
Workflow application
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Page 482
Methodologies
A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile
users, vendors, and customers with a secure
connection to the company network server
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Pages 482 - 483
Figure 12-19
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling
computing resources
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Page 483
Provides the capability to divide a
physical server logically into many
virtual servers
Server
virtualization
Provides the capability to create a
single logical storage device from
many physical storage devices
Storage
virtualization
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
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Pages 483 - 484
Cloud computing is an
Internet service that
provides computing
needs to computing
users
Grid computing combines
many servers and/or personal
computers on a network to act
as one large computer
E-Commerce
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Page 484
Figure 12-20
Enterprise Hardware
Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to
manage and store information and data using
devices geared for:
Heavy use
Maximum availability
Maximum efficiency
RAID duplicates data and
implements duplication
in different ways
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Pages 485 - 486
Figure 12-21
Enterprise Hardware
Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that
provides storage to users and information systems
attached to the network
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Pages 486 - 487
Figure 12-22a
Enterprise Hardware
A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed
network that provides storage to other servers to
which it is attached
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Pages 486 - 487
Figure 12-22b
Enterprise Hardware
An enterprise storage
system is a strategy that
focuses on the
availability, protection,
organization, and
backup of storage in a
company
Goal is to consolidate
storage
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Pages 487 - 488
Figure 12-23
Enterprise Hardware
A blade server packs a
complete computer
server on a single card
(called a blade) rather
than a system unit
The individual blades
insert in a blade server
chassis
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Page 489
Figure 12-24
High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
A high-availability system continues running and
performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the
time
May include hot-swapping
and redundant components
When a component fails, another
component takes over and the
system continues to function
Chapter 12
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Pages 489 - 490
Figure 12-25
High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
Scalability is a measure
of how well computer
hardware, software, or
an information system
can grow to meet
increasing performance
demands
Interoperability is the
ability for an
information system to
share information with
other information
systems within an
enterprise
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Page 490
Backup Procedures
Chapter 12
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Page 490
Backup Procedures
A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the
steps a company would take to restore computer
operations in the event of a disaster
Contains four major components
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Page 491
Emergency
plan
Backup
plan
Recovery
plan
Test plan
Summary
Special computing
requirements present
in an enterprise-sized
organization
Various types of
users within an
organization
Large information
systems
Benefits of
virtualization and
cloud computing
Requirements for
enterprise hardware
Backup procedures
present in a large
organization
Chapter 12
47
Page 492
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2012 Edition
Your Interactive Guide
to the Digital World
Chapter 12 Complete

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