Introduction

Based on generated output, Hydroelectricity are classified into :

1 Large-Hydro Generated output more than 100 MW
2 Medium-Hydro Generated output among 15 100 MW
3 Small-Hydro Generated output among 1 15 MW
4 Mini-Hydro Generated output more than 100 kW, but less
than 1 MW
5 Mico-Hydro Generated output among 5 100 kW. It's
commonly used to supply energy for small
communities or remote rural communities
where are inaccessible.
6 Pico-Hydro Generated output ranges from hundreds of
watts up to 5 kW.
What is a Micro-Hydro ???
Micro-Hydro, consists of the word micro means small and hydro meaning
water. Micro-hydro is a term used to installation of hydroelectric power plants
with a small scale. Micro-hydro Power Plant utilizes water flow capacity with a
certain height to generate electrical energy.
Run Off River Run On River
Working Principle
Development Phase
Technical Stage Non-Technical
Hydro Potential Energy Source Exploration
Market Potential of
Electricity
Technical Feasibility Feasibility Study
Local Community
Agreements
Detailed Engineering Design Detailed Design Organizing
Installation of Micro-Hydro
Power Plant
Project Management Institution
Power Quality, Operation. and
Maintenance
Operation
Good Management of
Institution
Components of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Dam (Intake)
Construction of dam to regulate the water flow will be used as propulsion of
MHP. Dam needs to be equipped with a floodgate and a water filter to prevent
the ingress of dirt and mud deposits. Near the dam constructed building taker
(intake).

Components of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Waterway / Headrace
Headrace have function to drain the water from the intake. Headrace is
equipped with a spillway at a certain distance to remove any excess water. It
can be either open or closed channels. At the end of the spillway constructed
settling ponds.
Components of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Forebay Tank
Forebay Tank is built to calm the flow of water that will enter the turbine and
direct entry to the Penstock. Forebay Tank made with concrete construction
and is as close as possible to the turbine to save on Penstock.
Components of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Penstock
Penstock serves to drain the water before entering the turbine. In this pipe, the
water in the Forebay potential energy is converted into kinetic energy which
will rotate the turbine wheel.
Components of Micro Hydro Power Plant
Power House and Tail Race
Power house contains the main equipments to change potential energy
become electricity, they are turbine, generator, and control panel. After water
rotate turbine then water will be returned again to the river through specific
tunnel which is called tail race.
Advantages and Disadvantages of MHP

Advantages :
Clean Environment
Renewable energy
Not consumptive of water usage
Easy to operate as a base load and peak
load (can be fast on / off)
Low Operating Costs
Durable (Long Life)
Range fee: $ 1,200 - $ 6,000 per installed
kW
Ideal for remote areas

Disadvantages :
In the dry season, the MHP capability will
decrease as the amount of water normally
Lost.
If the customer exceeds the capabilities of
the MHP, the quality of electricity will
decrease.
The farther the distance Customers to the
plant, the electrical quality is also worse.
If a customer uses electricity in excess,
then the quality decreases and harm
electrical equipment.