Claire Maevelle A.

Laxamana
BSP 3A

Cervical cancer, or cancer of the cervix,
is cancer of the entrance to the uterus (womb).
The cervix is the narrow part of the lower
uterus, often referred to as the neck of the
womb.

Exocervix - flat cells - squamous cell cervical cancer
The exocervix is the portion of the cervix that projects into
the vagina, also known and the portio vaginalis. There are
flat cells on the outer surface and these cells can become
cancerous, leading to squamous cell cervical cancer.
Endocervix - glandular cells - adenocarcinoma of the
cervix
The endocervix is the inside of the cervix. There are
glandular cells lining the endocervix; these cells produce
mucus. These glandular cells can become cancerous,
leading to adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

Signs and Symptoms
-Bleeding between periods
-Bleeding after sexual intercourse
-Bleeding in post-menopausal
women
-Discomfort during sexual
intercourse
-Smelly vaginal discharge
-Vaginal discharge tinged with
blood
-Pelvic pain
v

Population at Risk
-Women aged 30-50
-HPV (human papilloma virus)
-Many sexual partners
-Becoming sexually active early
-Smoking
-Weakened immune system
-Giving birth at a very young age
-Several pregnancies
-Long-term use of the contraceptive pill
-Women who become infected
with chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis
-Family history of cervical cancer

Treatment
Cervical cancer treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy,
chemotherapy, or combinations. Deciding on the kind of
treatment depends on the stage of the cancer.

Cone biopsy (conization) - this procedure may also be
used to remove any abnormality. The surgeon uses a
scalpel to remove a cone-shaped piece of cervical tissue.
Laser surgery - a narrow beam of intense light destroys
cancerous and precancerous cells.
LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) - a wire
loop which has an electric current cuts through tissue
removing cells from the mouth of the cervix.
Cryosurgery - cancerous and precancerous cells are
destroyed by freezing them.
Hysterectomy - the cancerous and precancerous areas, as
well as the cervix and the uterus are surgically removed.
This is only done in certain cases of noninvasive cervical
cancer.
Early Stage Treatment

Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is also known as radiation therapy,
radiation oncology and XRT. It is used for treating
cancer, thyroid disorders and some blood
disorders.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals
(medication) to treat any disease , it refers to the
destruction of cancer cells.

Advanced Stage Treatment
Prevention
Cervical Cancer Vaccine
HPV
(human papilloma virus)
vaccine
Safe sex
Cervical screening
Have few sexual partners
Delay first sexual intercourse
Don't smoke
Regular Pap Test Screening


Prevention
Cervical Cancer Vaccine is for females 10 years of age
onwards. It protects against the two most common
cancer-causing HPV types, 16 and 18, which together
are responsible for over 70 percent of cervical cancer
cases in Asia Pacific.
*3 Shots given
1
st
dose age as early as 10 years old
2
nd
dose 2 months after the 1
st
dose
3
rd
dose 6 months after the 2
nd
dose