Integration By Parts

Start with the product rule:

( )
d dv du
uv u v
dx dx dx
= +
( )
d uv u dv v du = +
( )
d uv v du u dv =
( )
u dv d uv v du =
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} }
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} } }
This is the Integration by Parts
formula.

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
The Integration by Parts formula is a product rule for
integration.
u differentiates to
zero (usually).
v is easy to
integrate.
Choose u in this order: LIPET
Logs, Inverse trig, Polynomial, Exponential, Trig

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
Example 1:
polynomial factor
u x =
sin v x =
LIPET
sin sin x x x dx
}

}
dx x xcos
x v cos =
'
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
1 =
'
u
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
c x x x dx x x + + =
}
cos sin cos
Example 2:
logarithmic factor
LIPET

}
dx x ln
1 =
'
v
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x
u
1
=
'
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
c x x x dx x + =
}
ln 1 ln
x u ln =
x v =
1
ln x x x dx
x

}
This is still a product, so we
need to use integration by
parts again.
Example 3:
2

x
x e dx
}
LIPET
2
u x =
x
v e =
u x =
x
v e =

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x u 2 =
'
x
e v =
'
1 =
'
u
x
e v =
'
}
'
= dx v u uv
}
= dx x e e x
x x
2
2
}
= dx xe e x
x x
2
2
( )
}
= dx e xe e x
x x x
2
2
c e xe e x dx e x
x x x x
+ + =
}
2 2
2 2
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
u dv uv v du =
} }
The Integration by Parts formula can be written as:
Example 4 continued
cos
x
e x dx
}
LIPET
u v v du
}
cos
x
e x dx =
}
2 cos sin cos
x x x
e x dx e x e x = +
}
sin cos
cos
2
x x
x
e x e x
e x dx C
+
= +
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
x
u e = sin dv x dx =

x
du e dx = cos v x =
x
u e =
cos dv x dx =

x
du e dx = sin v x =
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
Example 4 continued
cos
x
e x dx
}
u v v du
}
This is called solving
for the unknown
integral.
It works when both
factors integrate and
differentiate forever.

cos
x
e x dx =
}
2 cos sin cos
x x x
e x dx e x e x = +
}
sin cos
cos
2
x x
x
e x e x
e x dx C
+
= +
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
A Shortcut: Tabular Integration
Tabular integration works for integrals of the form:
( ) ( )
f x g x dx
}
where:
Differentiates to
zero in several
steps.
Integrates
repeatedly.

2

x
x e dx
}
( )
& deriv. f x
( )
& integrals g x
2
x
2x
2
0
x
e
x
e
x
e
x
e
+
+

2

x
x e dx =
}
2 x
x e 2
x
xe 2
x
e +
C +
Compare this with
the same problem
done the other way:

This is still a product, so we

need to use integration by
parts again.
Example 3:
2

x
x e dx
}
LIPET
2
u x =
x
v e =
u x =
x
v e =

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x u 2 =
'
x
e v =
'
1 =
'
u
x
e v =
'
}
'
= dx v u uv
}
= dx x e e x
x x
2
2
}
= dx xe e x
x x
2
2
( )
}
= dx e xe e x
x x x
2
2
c e xe e x dx e x
x x x x
+ + =
}
2 2
2 2
This is easier and quicker to
do with tabular integration!
3
sin x x dx
}
3
x
2
3x
6x
6
sin x
cos x
sin x
cos x
+
+

sin x
3
cos x x
2
3 sin x x +
6 cos x x + 6sin x + C
t
13
In an integral, do only integration by parts in the parts that are
not easy to integrate.
If the integration by parts is getting out of hand, you may have
selected the wrong u function.
If you see your original integral in the integral part of the
integration by parts, just combine the two like integrals and
solve for the integral.
Integration by Parts: Tricks