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Capacity and Load Sharing in Dual-Mode Mobile Networks

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Directed Retry to GSM
Why?

3G most beneficial for PS data users
3G UEs are becoming more common and
coverage improves constantly
-> free capacity to GSM
More resources for data users
Balances load between networks
No additional investments

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Directed Retry to GSM - limitations
Only applicable to speech traffic
Coverage of UMTS and GSM cells should be same
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Directed Retry to GSM - principles
Cell load (downlink carrier power)
time
sharing threshold
Directed Retry active
this load directed to GSM
max carrier power
capacity reserved for HSDPA
Redirection decission based on cell load
(used downlink carrier power)
After cell load exeeds specified sharing threshold, speech calls
are diverted to GSM network
Sharing fraction parameter specifies the percentage of directed calls
while the cell load is above the sharing threshold
Released power can be allocated for PS users
Sharing parameters can be assigned independently to each cell
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Load sharing - traffic profiles
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Load sharing - measurements
Functionality and different parameters were first
tested in a single cell
Larger scale test in live network for a three week period
20 most loaded cells were chosen for the measurement
Feature was tested with radical parameters to really find
out how load sharing performed
A set of key performance indicators (KPI) was defined to
assess the effects of the feature
DR-success ratio, Speech setup success rate, dropped calls,
admission number, lack of CEs, speech traffic (Erl), PS traffic .
Network counters were used to gather information
about the functionality
Raw data was filtered and manipulated for final results


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Load sharing - results
Directed Retry to GSM worked well in overall
Total of 93117 speech call redirection attempts, 86033
were succesful
DR-success rate was 92 %, with carefull cell selection
> 95 % success rate possible
Directed Retry to GSM success rate
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Load sharing results UMTS
KPI DR - FALSE DR - TRUE Difference
Speech setup success rate 99,63 29,29 -71 %
Dropped calls percentage 0,36 0,53 48 %
Speech traffic (Erl) 1,12 0,39 -65 %
PS R99 traffic (Erl) 1,86 2,06 11 %
PS R99 setup success rate 94,41 98,96 5 %
PS R99 retainability 94,14 97,97 4 %
HS traffic (Erl) 0,72 0,79 10 %
HS User Thu DL (kbps) 139,24 158,21 14 %
HS User Thu UL (kbps) 33,38 42,58 28 %
HS setup success rate 97,32 97,65 0 %
HS completion success rate 79,35 76,36 -4 %
CS speech payload (kbits) 240 706 657 99 813 954 -59 %
HSDPA RAB attempts 153 603 164 147 7 %
HS drop % 17,13 20,06 17 %
Admission number 2 949 1 504 -49 %
Failed after admission 3 013 2 789 -7 %
NG user down-switches 15 733 8 057 -49 %
UL hardware lack 2 351 817 -65 %
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Load sharing results GSM
KPI DR - FALSE DR - TRUE Difference
TCH attempts 623 921 820 990 32 %
TCH H_Block % 0,06 0,02 -62 %
TCH T_Block % 0,73 1,66 129 %
TCH RF_Loss % 0,14 0,23 60 %
TCH traffic (Erl) 2,67 3,26 22 %
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Conclusions
Transmission, CEs and HSDPA power allocation
can form a capacity bottleneck
Load sharing between UMTS and GSM works reliably,
if configured well
Performance of PS users can be enhanced with
Directed Retry to GSM, at least a little
3G traffic still relatively low, it is questionable if
load sharing is needed at this point.
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Future research
Load sharing between UMTS carriers
more sophisticated feature than Directed Retry to GSM
between UMTS2100 and UMTS900
two way directions taking into account cell load
applicable to all services

Service based handover

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