CRIME SCENE

INVESTIGATION
PSSupt. Vladimir V. Villasenor M.D. PESE
Regional Chief- RCLO 2
LESSON OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES OF CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION
UPON ARRIVAL AT THE CRIME
CRIME SCENE EXAMINATION
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
PROPER
OTHER ASPECTS OF CSI.

INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE OF THE CRIME SCENE
A. PRESENCE OF PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE.
B. PROVIDES A STARTING POINT OF
THE INVESTIGATION.
C. PROVIDES CLUE TO THE
OFFENDER.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Crime Scene Investigation It is the conduct of
processes, more particularly the recognition, search,
collection, handling, preservation and documentation of
physical evidence to include the identification of
witnesses and the arrest of suspect/s at the crime
scene.
Crime Scene- is the place from which most physical
evidence associated with crime will be obtained.
Physical Evidence Encompasses any and all objects
that can establish that a crime has been committed or
can provide a link between a crime and its victim or a
crime and its perpetrator.
Forensic Science Is the application of science to law.
IT IS THE AREA IN THE
IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF
THE OCCURRENCE FROM
WHICH PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
ASSOCIATED WITH THE
CRIME MIGHT BE FOUND.




TYPES OF CRIME SCENE

As to location
1. Indoor Crime Scene
2. Outdoor Crime Scene
- open locations including crime scene
inside the vehicle, airship and vessel.
3. Continuing/Running Crime Scene
- mixed location from indoor to
outdoor or vice-versa, or continuing
outdoor alone, or from one place to
another of the same jurisdiction, or
from one place crossing to another
area of jurisdiction.
As to time of Commission:

4. Day Time Crime Scene
- From sunrise to sunset
5. Night Crime Scene
- From sunset to sunrise.
Processing in this type of crime scene can be
extended until day time to ensure proper
collection of physical evidence.
8
Crime Scene Investigation
SCENE OF THE CRIME OPERATION
(SOCO)
Is a forensic procedure performed by trained
personnel of the PNP Crime Laboratory through
scientific methods of investigation for the purpose of
preserving the crime scene, gathering information,
documentation, collection and handling of all physical
evidence.
It is the conduct of processes, more particularly
the recognition, search, preservation, documentation,
collection, packaging and handling of physical
evidence.

9
WHAT IS POLICE LINE?

POLICE LINE IS AN AUTHORITY LINE THAT
SEPARATES THE CROWD FROM PERSON/S
WITH AUTHORITY TO HANDLE THE CRIME



10
Crime Scene
11

Police Line
1. TO RECONSTRUCT THE INCIDENT.
2. TO ASCERTAIN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS.
3. TO DETERMINE THE MODE OF OPERATION.
4. TO DISCLOSE THE MOTIVE.
5. TO DETERMINE WHAT PROPERTY WAS
STOLEN.
6. TO FIND OUT ALL THE CRIMINAL MAY HAVE
DONE.
7. TO RECOVER PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF THE
CRIME.
1. RECORD TIME OF ARRIVAL &
WEATHER CONDITION.
2. MEDICAL ATTENTION TO INJURED
PARTIES.
3. ARREST OF OFFENDER, IF STILL
PRESENT.
4. PROTECTION OF CRIME SCENE USING
POLICE PERSONNEL & RESPONSIBLE
CIVILIANS.


4. PERMIT ONLY AUTHORIZED
PERSONS TO ENTER THE AREA.
5. LOCATE & IDENTIFY THE
PERSON WHO FIRST NOTIFIED
THE POLICE OR INVESTIGATOR.
6. DETERMINE & RECORD NAMES
OF PERSONS AT THE SCENE.

A. CONDUCTED PRIOR TO SEARCH OF THE
SCENE.
B. MERE APPRECIATION SURVEY OF CRIME
SCENE:
* TO DETERMINE THE WHEREABOUTS OF
EXHIBITS AND TRACES.
* TO DISCOVER AND PRESERVE PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE.


1. TO ESTABLISH THAT A CRIME HAS BEEN
COMMITTED.
2. FACTS TO PROVE THE IDENTITY OF THE
OFFENDER.
3. FOR ULTIMATE PRODUCTION IN COURT.
4. FOR SUBMISSION TO EXPERTS FOR
EXAMINATION OR SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS.
DISCOVERING &
PRESERVING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE:
TIPS IN CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION
A. APPROACH THE SCENE WITH
CAUTION.
B. AVOID CONTAMINATING THE
SCENE.
C. STAND IN CONVENIENT POSITION &
SURVEY THE SCENE SLOWLY.
D. ENDEAVOR TO RECONSTRUCT THE
SCENE.
E. PREPARE A SKETCH PLAN.
Continued:
F. SEE THAT NOTHING IS MOVE & THAT THE
SCENE IS PRESERVED IN ITS ORIGINAL
STATE.
G. TAKE FULL NOTES.
H. CONSIDER THE RELEVANCE OF DOORS &
WINDOWS (OPEN OR CLOSED), LIGHTS ON
OR OFF, BLINDS OR CURTAINS.
Continued:
I. TAKE PHOTOGRAPHS BEFORE
ANYTHING IS MOVED.
J. NOTE & RECORD EVERY FEATURE OF
THE SCENE.
K. OUTLINE THE POSITION OF
IMPORTANT EVIDENCE WITH CHALK
AFTER PHOTOGRAPHING & BEFORE
THEY ARE MOVED.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
1. MOTIVE GIVES CLUE TO THE
OFFENDER.
2. HOW THE OFFENDER TRAVELED
TO & FROM THE SCENE
3. WAS THE OFFENDER ALONE OR
WOULD HAVE NEEDED
ASSISTANCE.
CONTINUED:

4. THE PRINCIPLE OF EXCHANGE
EVERY CONTACT LEAVES A TRACE.
5. ARTICLES USED, TAKEN, MOVED OR
LEFT AT THE SCENE SEX OF MORE
THAN ONE OFFENDER. EX.
CIGARETTE BUTTS, DRINKING
GLASSES, ETC.
CONTINUED:
6. WHETHER MEDICAL ATTENTION MIGHT
BE REQUIRED BY THE OFFENDER.
7. IF THERE IS DEAD OR UNCONSCIOUS
VICTIM, ESTABLISH IDENTITY OR CAUSE
OF INJURY.
8. FINGERPRINT EXPERT, PHOTOGRAPHER,
ETC.
CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY
A. MUST BE RELEVANT TO THE CASE.
B. SHOULD NOT INCITE PREJUDICE
OR SYMPATHY.
C. SHOULD BE FREE FROM
DISTORTION OR TWIST OF SHAPE.
D. PHOTOS SHOULD BE PROPERLY
IDENTIFIED CAMERA & FILM
USED, OTHER DETAILS.
PHOTOGRAPHIC DATA
1. DTPO - DATE, TIME & PLACE OF
OCCURRENCE.
2. NAME OF PHOTOGRAPHER.
3. LIGHTING & WEATHER CONDITION
WHEN EACH PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN.
4. CHAIN OF CUSTODY OF PHOTOS & FILM
USED.
5. DATA TO ORIENT CAMERA POSITION.
SKETCHING THE CRIME SCENE
A. SHOWING RELATIVE POSITIONS AND
ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS OF PHYSICAL
EVIDENCE.
B. SUPPLEMENTS TO PHOTOGRAPHS.
C. PROVIDES ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF
CRIME SCENE ESPECIALLY IN
VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS.
NOTETAKING:
A. TO BE PRESENTED IN THE ORDER
OF CHRONOLOGY.
B. MUST PROVIDE DETAILS OF
EVERY STEP OR ACTION TAKEN BY
THE OFFICER.
C. MUST BE COMPLETE AND
THOROUGH.
CRIME SCENE SEARCH
A. INDOOR SEARCHES
B. OUTDOOR SEARCHES
C. NIGHTIME OUTDOOR SEARCHES
29
a. First to be observed before the searching start:
1. Determine what type of searching patterns
is most appropriate to the crime scene.
2. Determine the number of searching team
and members of the searching team.
3. Mark/tags position of physical evidence
with designated evidence number.
b. Types of searching methods
1. The quadrant or zone method In this
method, one searcher is assigned to a quadrant
then each quadrant is cut into another set of
quadrant.
30
2. Strip method In this method, the area is blocked out in the form
of a rectangular. The searcher proceeds slowly at the same place
along path parallel to one side of the rectangle. When a piece of
evidence is found, the finder announces his discovery and the
search must stop until the evidence has been cared for. At the end of
the rectangle, the searcher turns and proceeds along new lanes.
3. Grid or double strip method this method is a
modification of strip search method. Here, the
rectangle is traversed first, parallel to the base, then
parallel to the side.

31



Rough Sketch

Rough Sketch
A rough sketch is drawn
free-hand by the sketcher at
the crime scene. Changes
should not be made to it
after the sketcher has left
the scene. This sketch will
not normally be drawn to
scale, but will indicate
accurate distances,
dimensions, and relative
proportions.

32
Smooth/ Finish Sketch

A smooth or finish
sketch is one that is
finished and is
frequently drawn to
scale from the
information provided
in the rough sketch. If
a sketch is drawn to
scale, the numbers
concerning the
distances can be
eliminated. However, if
the sketch is not
drawn to scale, the
distances need to be
shown
33
34
Collection of Physical Evidence

This is accomplished after the search is
completed, the rough sketch finished and
photographs taken. Fragile evidence
should be collected as they are found but
mark its location and reflect it on the
sketch.

35
1. The evidence should reach the laboratory in same
condition as when it was found, as much as possible.
2. The quantity of specimen should be adequate. Even with
the best equipment available, good results cannot be obtained
from insufficient specimen.
3. Keep each specimen separate from others so there will be
no intermingling or mixing of known and unknown materials.
Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.
4. Mark or label each of evidence for positive identification
as the evidence taken from particular location in connection with
the crime under investigation.
5. Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison
purposes.
6. The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Any
break in this chain of custody may make the material inadmissible
as evidence in court.

36
37
1. Determine what physical evidence to be collected first.
2. Determine what technique can be used to collect and
package physical evidence found at the crime scene.
3. Mark and package all physical evidence with complete
data needed to identify the evidence. The case number,
evidence number, type of crime if possible, description or
type of evidence, time and date collected and location if
possible, name of the collector with his initial or
signature, name of victim, name of investigator and
name of suspect.
4. All evidence collected should be properly marked and
labeled before its submission to the evidence custodian.
5. Evidence custodian to prepare an inventory of the
evidence recovered and fill-up the evidence log.
Biological Evidence
38
39
On the crime scene
BE COOL !!!
it will support if you are in contact with
victims and witnesses
Record time
Overlook the scene detect and inform
Contact the informer
Secure the material evidence

Secure Material Evidence
No changes on the scene
Destroy or remove nothing
Dont touch anything without reason
Record with photo, video, drawings/
drafts
Cordon of the scene / clear the scene
Build one path to the scene
Secure evidence / traces
cover, measure, photo, collect
Conduct of Final Survey

The crime scene should be surveyed and
search for the last time after collecting all
the evidence to ensure that no physical
evidence is left behind. Different type of
search method as used in the first search
can be applied. A debriefing as to the
completeness of the examination can be
conducted with the examining team.

42
Release or turn-over of the crime scene

Ensure that appropriate inventory of collected
evidence has been made.

a.Release the crime scene with the notion that there is
only one chance to perform job correctly and
completely.

b. Release is accomplished only after completion of
the final search and proper documentation.

43
Note: Continuous contact
between the investigator and
the examiner is much
encourage
Transmittal of evidence to Crime
Laboratory

Proper handling of physical evidence is
necessary to obtain the maximum possible
information upon which scientific
examination shall be based. The chain of
custody of evidence must be properly
observed at all times. The following are
principles that should be observed in
handling all types of evidence:

44


DEALING WITH UNAUTHORIZED
PERSONS AT THE CRIME SCENE:
A.GENERAL PUBLIC
B. MEDIAMEN
C. POLICE PERSONNEL
A.COOPERATION
B. COORDINATION
SUMMARY
OBJECTIVES OF CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION.
STEPS TAKEN UPON ARRIVAL AT
THE CRIME.
CRIME SCENE EXAMINATION
CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
PROPER.
DEALING WITH UNAUTHORIZED
PERSONS.
INVESTIGATOR-SOCO TM
RELATIONSHIPS

Basically
1.Eye



2.Fix / freeze


3.Hand


The Information about a crime


Documentation


Record on a sound recorder
Important Information
Date and Time
Particulars (name, address, etc.)
Seven Question words

who, what, when,
where, how, with,
why
Questions regarding
Time of incident
Area of incident, how to reach
Perpetrators ( number of, description, direction
of escape, on foot or by car,
Injuries, killed victims, danger zone, damages,
is there a need for a doctor or ambulance
Tell the informer what to do:
how to reach-> mobile number
is he in danger ??
secure the scene until the police will arrive







Remember: If there are any doubts

C A L L B A C K
Basically
Operating expense / time and effort
Serious crime or petty crime
Public relation
Special serious case
Degree of difficulty of the crime scene
Law preventive measures / criminal
prosecution


Man power ???
It depends on priorities
Leader of the Team
Route
Orders what to do
Signals, reconnaissance, crime scene
management, searches, first
investigations, own safety (weapons,
bullet proofed west's

To inform (internal/external)
Special forces
Leader of the district / region
Responsible department
Victim, relatives
Other authorities
Back office / Information
gathering


Check records
Gather information from every source
Never beblind to a crime scene
On the way to the scene
To document the time of leaving
Which way is/was used
Different Teams different ways
Watch the surrounding, especially the
traffic from the scene note plate
numbers
Think about signal if or not
Reduce of radio transmission
Secure Material Evidence
No changes on the scene
Destroy or remove nothing
Dont touch anything without reason
Record with photo, video, drawings/
drafts
Cordon of the scene / clear the scene
Build one path to the scene
Secure evidence / traces
cover, measure, photo, collect
Secure personal evidence
Who was perpetrator / suspect / victim /
witness
After ID check separate them
Accompany the victim to the hospital
- secure clothes
- Interview victim if possible
- Interview doctor regarding kind and
- seriousness of the injuries


First measures
Interview of witnesses
Get information for the first search
Initiate first searches
Secure evidences
Perhaps breathalyzer test / blood test for
the perpetrator
Check surroundings, way to and from the
scene, escaping routes regarding
evidences (thrown away or lost )

Report for the investigator
First information from whom, when, how
What was reported
Way to the scene
When at the scene
Who was at the scene
First information at the scene
Describe the scene and inform about
changes


Witnesses, there information and
availability
Victims, there information and
availability
Suspects, there information, and if
already informed about there rights,
availability
Measures taken regarding
Material evidences
Personal evidences
Searches
Information of superiors and others

Investigations at the crime
scene general advice
Place of major information
Also the place where the perpetrators
planed and prepared
Surroundings, way to and escaping
routes
The perpetrators left a unique evidence
picture / trace picture
Because of the different cases of crimes
there are no fixed rules regarding the
work

Crime or accident ???
Notice blood on the wrench
Back in the office
Reconstruction of the event
Relation Victim perpetrator
Personality of perpetrator
Motivation of the crime
Think about statistic, criminalistic
experience, modus- operandi System
Check plausibility
Ask for experts report (example weapon,
blood, DNA)
LOCARDS EXCHANGE PRINCIPLE
Whenever a criminal comes into contact with a
victim, an object, or a crime scene, he/ she
will leave behind evidence, and will also take
away evidence.
- Edmund Locard
CRIME SCENE CRIME SCENE CRIME SCENE