LECTURE : 1

BUILDING PLANNING
Prepared by,
Mr. Sushant Waghmare
BUILDING
Building can be defines as relatively permanent
enclosed construction over a plot of land.
It has roof and usually windows.
It can have more than one level.
It is used for any of a wide variety of activities
such as living, entertaining or manufacturing
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Agricultural
Buildings
Commercial
Buildings
Residential
Buildings
Education
Buildings
Government
Buildings
Industrial
Buildings
TYPES OF BUILDINGS
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Barn Chicken Coop Green House
Silo
Stable
Tide mill Farm House Grainery Water mill Windmill
AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS
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Bank Bar Coffee House Convention
Center
Grocery Store
Restaurant Sky Scraper Shop Retail Store Super Market
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
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Apartment Block Asylum Condominium Dormitory
Duplex Nursing Home Villa
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
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College School Museum
Library University
EDUCATION BUILDINGS
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Capitol City Hall Consulate Court House Embassy
Fire Station Palace Parliament Police Station
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
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Brewery Factory Foundry Power Plant
Refinery Mill Oil Rig
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
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To arrange all the units of a building on all floors and at
level according to their functional requirements making
best use of the space available for a building.
The shape of such a plan is governed by several factors
such as climatic conditions, site location,
accommodation requirements, local by-laws,
surrounding environment, etc.
Factors to be considered in planning.


PLANNING
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Aspect
Prospect
Privacy
Grouping
Roominess
Furniture Requirement



PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING


Sanitation
Flexibility
Circulation
Elegance
Economy



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Aspect means peculiarity of the arrangement of doors and windows in the
external walls of a building which allows the occupants to enjoy the natural
gifts such as sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc.
From the sun-diagram, it is clear that a kitchen should have an E-aspect.
The dining, drawing and living rooms should have a S-aspect or S-E-
aspect.



ASPECT
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Prospect is the impression that house is likely to make on person who
looks at it from out-side.

PROSPECT
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Privacy is one of the important principles in the planning of
buildings. Privacy requires consideration in two ways:
Privacy of one room from another.
Privacy of all parts of a building from the neighboring
buildings, public streets and by-ways.

PRIVACY
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Grouping means the arrangement of various rooms in a
typical fashion so that all the rooms are placed in proper
correlating of their functions and in proximity with each
other.
For example, in a residential building, dining room must
be close to the kitchen; at the same time kitchen should be
away from the drawing or the main living room, otherwise
kitchen smells and smoke would detract them for their
usefulness.
GROUPING
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Roominess is the effect produced by deriving the
maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a
room.
For utility a rectangular room is better than a square room
of the same floor area.
Length to breadth ratio should be 1.2:1 to 1.5:1
ROOMINESS
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During planning location of furniture, it should be so
arranged in the room so as to give maximum area for
movements, operating doors and window shutters.
FURNITURE REQUIREMENTS
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Sanitation consists of providing ample light, ventilation,
facilities for cleaning and sanitary conveniences in the following
manner:
(i) Light: - Light has two-fold significance, firstly it
illuminates and secondly from hygienic point of view. Light in
interior buildings may be provided by natural or artificial
lighting. Glare in light distracts and disables the vision and hence
the source of glare may be avoided.
Generally, the minimum window area fir proper lighting
should not be less than 1/10th of floor area.
(ii) Ventilation: - It is the supply of outside air into the
building. Poor ventilation or lack of fresh air in building, always
produces headache, sleepiness, inability to fix attention, etc.
SANITATION
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(iii) Cleanliness and sanitary conveniences: -
Some provisions to facilitate cleaning and prevention of dust
are necessary in planning
Sanitary conveniences include the provision of bathrooms,
water closets, lavatories, latrines, urinals, etc. in a building.
Provision of such conveniences is not an optional matter but is
a statutory requirement.


CONT..
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To facilitate accommodation of changes in the plan of
the building in future if necessary
ROOM 1
ROOM 2 BIG HALL
FLEXIBILITY
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Circulation means the movement space provided on the
same floor either between the rooms or with in the room
(horizontal circulation) and between the different floors
through stairs or lifts (vertical circulation).


CIRCULATION
DOOR
DOOR
BAD CIRCULATION GOOD CIRCULATION 21
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STUDY
KITCHEN
BED
VER
LIVING
CONT.
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Elegance is the effect produce by the elevation and
general layout of the plan. The elevation, therefore,
should speak out the internal facts and be indicative of the
character.
Elevation should be impressive and should be developed
together with the plan simultaneously. With the economy
limitations, elevations should be aesthetically good and
attractive.
ELEGANCE
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The planner should know beforehand the amount of money
within which construction shall have to be completed and
the plan shall have to be finalized accordingly.
ECONOMY
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