CHAPTER 16

Infection Prevention and Control: Protective

Mechanisms and Asepsis
Pg. 209-233
1
Microorganisms

Pathogens capable of causing disease

Non-pathogens (normal flora) beneficial
and/or essential for human health and
well-being
2
Chain of
Infection
4
You are working as a nurse on a
medical-surgical unit. What roles
might you play in the chain of
infection?

Table 16-5 pg. 216
First Line of Defense Against Infection
Intact skin
Respiratory Tree
Eyes
Mouth
GI Tract
GU tract
Cilia in respiratory tract, nose
5
Second Line of Defense Against
Infection
Fever

Leukocytosis

Phagocytosis (specialized WBCs)

Inflammatory response



6
Third Line of Defense Against Infection
Immune response

Recognize as foreign invader and destroy
pathogens that the body has been exposed
to

7
8
Consider your current lifestyle. How would
you evaluate your ability to support your
bodys defenses?
Medical Asepsis
Asepsis
Objects and environment free of
microorganisms

Medical Asepsis
Clean technique

Surgical Asepsis
Sterile technique


9
Hand Hygiene
Most effective way to prevent the spread of
microorganisms

Box 16-2 pg. 220

Skill 16-1 Hand Hygiene pg. 221

10
CDC Guidelines to Prevent
Infection
Standard Precautions
Tier I
Includes hand hygiene and personal
protective equipment (PPE)
Box 16-3 pg. 224

Transmission based Precautions
Tier II (discussed in Chapter 17)






11
CDC Guidelines to Prevent
Infection
Sharps disposal

Contaminated waste
12
Cleaning & Disinfecting
Cleaning
Disinfecting
Antiseptic
Sterilization
13
Sepsis in the Home
What are ways to prevent infection
in the home?
14
Infection Control Surveillance
Infectious Disease or Infection Prevention
Nurse

Clients at high risk for infection
15
CHAPTER 17
Infection Prevention and Control in Hospital and Home
Pg. 234-257

16
Stages of Infection (illness)
17
Transmission Based Precautions
(Box 17-1 pg. 236)
Contact

Droplet

Airborne


18
General Guidelines for Isolation
Precautions
Limit supplies taken into room
Limit client transport outside of room
Use disposable supplies if possible
Keep precaution supplies just outside the
clients room
Removal of items from room




19
Contact Precautions (Isolation)
Box 17-3 pg. 141
Direct contact can lead to spread of pathogen
Private room


Personal protective equipment





20
Airborne Precautions (Isolation)
Box 17-3 pg. 141
Also follow contact precautions
Negative pressure room

Personal protective equipment

21
Droplet Precautions (Isolation)
Box 17-3 pg. 141
Also follow contact precautions
Private room


Personal protective equipment

22
Drug-resistant Organisms
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
(MRSA)
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing
(ESBL)
Clostridium difficile (C-diff)
23
Infection Prevention in the Home
Hand hygiene

Proper disposal

Cleaning home environment
24
Psychological Aspect of Isolation
Precautions on the Client
Visitors
Learn about clients interest
Listen to the client

25
Surgical Asepsis

Sterile environment

Sterile equipment

Sterile technique
26
27
What actions help prevent infection in the
healthcare setting?

What actions help prevent infection in the
home?

What actions help to prevent infection when
patients are outside of the home?