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2G: Second Generation cellular - digital cellular including TDMA, CDMA, and GSM systems.
Most 2G digital phones are voice only phones, but some offer limited data capability.
2.5G: Enhanced data rate Second Generation - digital cellular systems with data rates of 28kbps - 384kbps.
3G: The term 3G refers to third generation wireless networks. These networks offer voice, data transfer, and
multimedia content at rates as high as 2 Mbps.
GSM: Global System for Mobile communications. GSM is used all over Europe, plus many countries in the
Middle East, Asia, Africa, South America, Australia, and North America. GSM's air interface is based on
narrowband TDMA technology, where available frequency bands are divided into time slots, with each user
having access to one time slot at regular intervals.
CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access; also known as IS-95. This is one of the newer digital technologies in
use in the US, Canada, Australia, and some southeastern Asian countries (e.g. Hong Kong and South Korea).
CDMA differs from GSM and TDMA by its use of spread spectrum techniques for transmitting voice or data
over the air. Rather than dividing the radio frequency spectrum into separate user channels by frequency
slices or time slots, spread spectrum technology separates users by assigning them digital codes within the
same broad spectrum. Advantages of CDMA include higher user capacity and immunity from interference by
other signals. Used in either 800 MHz or 1900 MHz frequency bands.
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Global System
For
Mobile Communications
What is Group Special Mobile ?
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Objectives of GSM
VLR
Base Station Subsystem AuC
MS HLR
BSC
BTS
OMC
MS
MSC
BSC
BTS
Interfacing with external
EIR
networks (eg. PSTN)
MS 6
Radio Subsystem
Comprises of the
- Mobile Station(MS)
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Mobile Station
• SIM Card
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Subscriber Identity Module
The SIM Card forms the second part of the MS. The subscriber
related information is stored in a non volatile memory of the
SIM Card. The permanent data includes the-
• Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)
• SIM Type
• IC Card Identification - SIM Serial Number
• SIM Service table
• International Mobile Subscriber Identity Number (IMSI)
• Personal Identification Number (PIN)
• Pin Unlocking Key (PUK)
• Authentication Key (Ki)
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Subscriber Identity Module
• Location Information
• Ciphering Key for encoding
• List of Carrier frequencies for cell selection during
handover and call setup
• List of blocked networks
• Home network search
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Base Station Subsystem
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Base Station Subsystem
Comprises of the
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Base Station Subsystem
Comprises of the -
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Mobile Switching Center
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Home Location Register
Each mobile subscriber & his related data are registered only
once in the HLR, in which all billing and administrative tasks
are carried out. There is usually only one HLR in a network.
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Visitor Location Register
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Operation Subsystem
- Subscription Management
- Network Operation and maintenance
- Mobile Equipment Management
OSS Comprises of -
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AuC
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Equipment Management - EIR
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Call Connect Procedure
Network to Mobile
Paging Request
Channel Request
Immediate Assignment
Paging Response
Network Mobile
Authentication
Authentication Response
Setup
Confirmation
Connect
Connection Acknowledgment
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Mobility Management
Network to Mobile
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Mobility Management
Mobile to Network
• Periodic Update
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Call Setup Procedure
PSTN to Mobile
VLR HLR
4
8 7 2
5
11 12
9 9
6 1
10 BSS 10 MSC GMSC PSTN
13 13
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Call Setup Procedure
Mobile to PSTN
VLR HLR
3 4
1 2
5
BSS MSC GMSC PSTN
7 6
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GSM Services
Teleservice -
- Basic Telephony (Diverts, Barring, Closed User Group)
- Emergency Calls
- Facsimile
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GSM Services
Supplementary Services -
- CLIP/ CLIR
- Call Forwarding
- Call Holding
- Call Conferencing
- Closed User Group
- Call Barring
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Topics covered
1.What is GPRS.
2.To use users specifically need
3.Key network features.
4.Routing
5.Tariff
6.Applications
7.Class of mobile.
8.Configuration
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What is General Packet Radio Service?
Nonvoice value added service that allows information
to be sent and received across a mobile telephone
network .
What is MMS?
Multi media messaging with which we can send
images,audio and video clips with text messages.
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To use GPRS, users specifically
need:
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Features :
1. Speed : 8 kbps.
2. Immediacy : facilitates instant connections
whereby information can be sent or received
immediately as the need arises, subject to radio
coverage. No dial-up modem connection is
necessary
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Key Network Features
PACKET SWITCHING: GPRS involves
overlaying a packet based air interface on the
existing circuit switched GSM network
SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY : efficient use of
scarce radio resources i.e large numbers of
GPRS users can potentially share the same
bandwidth and be served from a single cell.
INTERNET AWARE : enables Mobile Internet
functionality .Services like chat,file transfer,web
browsing,email.
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Speed
Uplink Downlink
Type (Sending) (Receiving)
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Applications
Chat
TEXTUAL AND VISUAL INFORMATION : Send
maps or graphs.
Still images :photographs,greeting cards,
presentations.
Moving images :video messages ,movie
previews,video conferencing.
Web browsing
Audio : Sending audio clips
Internet email : User gets notification once a
new mail comes
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Class of Mobile
The class indicates the mobile phone capabilities.
Class A
A mobile phone can be connected to both GPRS and GSM
services simultaneously.
Class B
Mobile phone can be attached to both GPRS and GSM
services, using one service at a time. Class B enables
making or receiving a voice call, or sending/receiving an
SMS during a GPRS connection. During voice calls or SMS,
GPRS services are suspended and then resumed
automatically after the call or SMS session has ended.
Class C
Mobile phone are attached to either GPRS or GSM voice
service. You need to switch manually between services.
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Phonebook
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Features
Name based: User can store and view multiple telephone numbers, emails,
URLs and addresses under one name (contact)
- First Name and Last Name replaced Name
Category support
- Support of picture and ring tone
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Features (cont…)
Enhanced Detail View
- User can scroll through detailed view of the contact form while viewing it
Launching pad for several communication application – Calling, messaging, MMS, email and Browser.
Voice dial and Voice tag management for Speaker dependant call.
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Name based
User can create a single contact with multiple telephone numbers,
emails, URLs and Postal address
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Low/mid/high tier
Low Tier Mid Tier High Tier
First Name and Last Name First Name and Last Name First Name and Last Name
Nickname Nickname Nickname
Up to 3 phone numbers Up to 5 phone numbers Up to 7 phone numbers
1 e-mail address Up to 2 e-mail addresses Up to 2 e-mail addresses
1 postal address 1 postal address Up to 2 postal addresses
1 URL Up to 2 URLs
Birthday Notes
Birthday
Zodiac
• Minimum case occurs when every single field in every contact is filled with maximum number
of allowed characters
• Maximum number of contacts depends on usage, thus legacy definition of maximum number of
contacts supported no longer applies. Memory allocation within phonebook is dynamic
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Low/mid/high tier (cont…)
SIM Contact USIM Contact
Name Name
1 phone number Nickname
Main Number (without type)
Up to 3 Additional Numbers (with
support for types)
Up to 2 e-mail addresses
Category
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Sorting and searching
User can choose to sort by First Name or Last Name
Display Name concept
– Cursor jumps to closest matching contact dynamically adjusting with each letter
– Centered or deleted in the search window
– List is not sub-filtered and is only performed on Display Name
– Search window only appears when search is invoked
– Search can be done within all Summary Views and Pickers
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Category
Acts as grouping mechanism
– Maximum of 10 categories can be stored on phone
memory
– General is mandatory and other default categories are
Business, Personal, VIP
– For 3G, if USIM supports categories, up to 10 are
supported
– Category can be pre-set or user defined
– Category stored on the phone can have a picture ID and
ring tone associated with it
– Individual contact or distribution list can only belong to one
category
– Categories are managed through “Manage Contacts” ->
“Edit Categories”
Fields of categories
– Name, members, Ringer ID, Picture ID
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Distribution list
E-mail and message distribution lists are supported
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Separate view for phone and
SIM/USIM
Phone memory
summary view
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Combined View
Setup option
– By default, it is Off
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Filter by Email and category
Filter
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Copy (phone memory <->
• Single, multiple, or all contacts can be selected for copying
SIM/USIM)
• Contact is treated as a whole for copying purposes. Separate pieces of
information associated with a contact cannot be copied individually.
• Copying from phone to SIM
– First Name and Last Name are concatenated according to sort setting
– Multiple numbers associated with the same contact on the phone are copied to
SIM as separate contacts with the same name
• Copying from phone to USIM
– First Name and Last Name are concatenated
– Multiple contacts with the same name are created only when contact stored on
phone has more phone numbers or e-mails than USIM supports
• Copying from SIM to phone
– The name is copied into either first name or last name, depending on sort setting
– Phone numbers with the same name are collected under one number on the
phone
• Copying from USIM to phone
– Types assigned to phone numbers on USIM are transferred to phone when
possible
– A new contact is always created on the phone, even if other contacts with the
same name exist
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Detailed View
Phone contact
SIM contact
- No picture
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Detailed View (Cont…)
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Structured data
Structure data interface
– Add/Replace/Modify
– Stores on NVM/SIM based on Storage device setting
– Supports storing following information
Phone Numbers (Calling, SMS/MMS/EMAIL,
Browser)
Email (SMS/MMS/Email)
URL (Browser)
Picture (Camera, Pictures)
Ring Tones (Audio)
Quick Form
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Launching of
Calling/Messaging/MMS/Browser
• Phonebook as a launch pad for other communication
application
– Telephony, messaging, e-mail, browser, post card app and camera can
be launched directly from phonebook
– Single or multiple contacts can be selected to initiate communications
– User can act on highlighted piece of information in summary or detailed
view
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Sharing of Contact
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Synchronization
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1-touch Dial (speed dial)
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Voice Dial
Speaker dependent
- Voice tag is stored in the
phonebook
Speaker independent
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Voice Dial (cont…)
Options
– Erase
– Erase All
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Incoming and outgoing call
notification
Picture caller ID for incoming Call (if
picture is assigned to a contact or to
the category it belongs)
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Video telephony
Video telephony shall only by available on
3G handsets.
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Messaging
UI behavior
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UI behavior
ATTENTION!
This is a special situation when there
are messages available in the SIM
card. In this case, there were 25
messages available in the SIM card
(999 + 25 messages).
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Feature ID Remark
Name
DL_DB_FEATURE_ID_UC This flex bit is used to determine if Single composer to
_AVAILABLE create SMS and MMS messages is available. When the
value is ON, single composition for SMS and MMS-SMIL
will follow. If OFF, then flow sequence as defined for
10427 will be followed and different composers shall
be invoked.
DL_DB_FEATURE_ID_UC This value determines Number of text characters
_SMS_TO_MMS_CHARS_ needed to transition from SMS to MMS message in
BOUNDARY Unified Composer. Range will be 1-765 and the default
value will be 450
DL_DB_FEATURE_ID_SM Sending of Delivery report for outgoing SMS shall be
S_READ_RECEIPT_AVAIL flex controlled and based on the flex value message
ABLE type shall be decided to be SMS or MMS. If Delivery
Report for SMS is Flexed ON then message will be SMS
and if it is flexed off then message will become MMS.
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Thank You
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