Different types of Flux Limiters

for TVD schemes

Presented by :
Anirudha Sant NA10B039
K.V.Sumanth NA10B011
Department of Ocean Engineering,
I.I.T Madras.

Contents

TVD Concept
Criteria for TVD concept
-r diagrams
Flux limiter functions
Comparison and properties





Finite Control Volume Method for
Convection Diffusion Equation
Consider the following convection diffusion
equation :
div(u) = div( grad ) + S
being a general property
Integration of control volume gives:

The previous equation gives flux balance
problem : Convective flux and Diffusive flux

The principal problem in the discretization of
the convective terms - the calculation of the
value of transported property at control
volume faces and its convective flux across
these boundaries.
Schemes of third-order and above have been
developed for the discretization of convective
terms with varying degrees of success.
Problem with higher order schemes :
Implementation of boundary conditions.
The need of TVD scheme.
TVD concept
Generalization of higher-order scheme for
transported quantity at the east face of a
one-dimensional control volume.
e = P + (E P)/2
where is an appropriate function.
We get an additional convective flux
Fe(E P)/2

Cont
After inspecting various forms i.e.
UD,CD,QUICK we say that value of function
and the nature of the scheme is decided by
the ratio of upwind-side gradient to
downwind-side gradient (P W)/(E P)

Let with
Cont
Generalized form for east face value e :


For the UD scheme (r) = 0
For the CD scheme (r) = 1
For the LUD scheme (r) = r
For the QUICK scheme (r) = (3 + r)/4
The function for
various discretization schemes
Monotonicity Preservering
A desirable property for stable, non-
oscillatory, higher-order schemes.
What do we mean by preserving
monotonicity?
it must not create local extrema
the value of an existing local minimum must be
non-decreasing and that of a local maximum must
be non-increasing.

Total Variation
Its an implication of monotonicity-preserving
criterion.
How is it defined?
For discrete data:

TV() = |2 1| + |3 2| + |4 3| + |5
4 |=|3 1| + |5 3 |
Monotonicity preserving criterion:
TV( n +1) TV( n )
Criteria for TVD scheme
Necessary and sufficient conditions for a
scheme to be TVD in terms of the r
relationship:
If 0 < r < 1 the upper limit is (r) = 2r, so for
TVD schemes (r) 2r
If r 1 the upper limit is (r) = 2, so for TVD
schemes (r) 2
Figure shows the shaded TVD region in
a r diagram

Limiter Function
The idea of designing a TVD scheme
Limit the range of possible values of the
additional convective flux Fe(r)(E P)/2
function (r) is called a flux limiter function.
Choice of (r) tell the order of the scheme
and its boundedness properties.
Different flux limiters properties
As introduced by Sweby:
The flux limiter function of a second-order
accurate scheme should pass through the point
(1, 1) in the r diagram
If 0 < r < 1 the lower limit is (r) = r, the upper
limit is (r) = 1, so for TVD schemes r (r) 1
If r 1 the lower limit is (r) = 1, the upper limit is
(r) = r, so for TVD schemes 1 (r) r
Choice of (r)!!!

Region for second order TVD scheme

Symmetric properties for flux limiters
Sweby introduced symmetric properties for
flux limiters:



What does it indicate?
Flux limiter functions

Flux limiters
All limiter
functions in a r diagram


A class of flux limiters which include both extremes of the
upper and lower boundaries may be defined as


which as , varies from 2 to 1 moves across the whole region
from top to bottom and when

Swebys expression
It is relatively easy to verify that Leonards QUICK limiter function
is the only one that is non-symmetric, whereas all the others are
symmetric limiters.
Lien and Leschziners UMIST limiter function was designed as a
symmetrical version of the QUICK limiter.
Swebys expression is a generalisation of the Min-Mod and
SUPERBEE limiters by means of a single parameter . The limiter
becomes the Min-Mod limiter when = 1 and the SUPERBEE
limiter of Roe when = 2. To stay within the TVD region we only
consider the range of values 1 2.
All the limiter functions stay inside the TVD region and
pass through the point (1, 1) on the r diagram, so they
all represent second-order accurate TVD discretisation
schemes.

Van Leer and Van Albadas limiters are smooth functions,
whereas all the others are piecewise linear expressions.
The Min-Mod limiter function exactly traces the lower limit
of the TVD region, whereas Roes SUPERBEE scheme follows
the upper limit.
Evaluation of TVD schemes
TVD schemes are generalisations of existing
discretisation schemes, so they inherently satisfy all the
necessary requirements of transportiveness,
conservativeness and boundedness.
Problem: 2D source-free pure convection of a transported
quantity with the flow at 45 to the lines of a 50 50
grid.

The exact solution to the above problem is a step function
at x 0.7.
Comparison of two TVD schemes: Van Leer
and Van Albada with UD and QUICK
It can be seen that TVD solutions show far less false
diffusion than the UD scheme and are almost as close to
the exact solution as the QUICK scheme.
They do not show any non-physical overshoots and
undershoots. The two TVD solutions are quite close to
each other.
The more complex limiter functions take up more
computer CPU time.

Compared with an ordinary scheme, a calculation
employing any TVD scheme would require more CPU time
due to additional calculation overhead associated with
evaluating the extra source terms
For example, the UMIST scheme, was found to require
15% more CPU than the standard QUICK scheme.
The main advantage is that a TVD scheme guarantees
wiggle-free solutions and accurate solution.
There is no convincing argument in favour of any
particular TVD scheme and the choice appears to be a
matter of individual preference.


References

1D_convection_diffusion_equation_from_CFD_book_by_
Versteeg_Malalasekara.

High Resolution Schemes Using Flux Limiters for
Hyperbolic Conservation Laws. P. K. Sweby
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, Vol. 21, No. 5. (Oct.,
1984), pp. 995-1011.
StableURL:
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=00361429%28198410%2921%
3A5%3C995%3AHRSUFL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Y.
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