Pratyush @ Toughest

Questions
Arithmetic
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Number Systems
Natural & Whole numbers
Integers & Fractions
Rational & Irrational numbers
Prime & Composite numbers
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 2 if
That number is an even
number (the last digit of the
number is an even number)
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 3 if

The sum of all the digits of the
number is divisible by 3.
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 4 if

The last two digits of that
number are divisible by 4
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 5 if

The last digit is 0 or 5.
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 6 if
That number is divisible by
both 3 and 2 (an even number,
whose digits add up to a
number divisible by 3)
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 8 if

The last three digits of that
number are divisible by 8
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 9 if

The sum of all the digits of the
number is divisible by 9.
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Questions
Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by 11 if

The difference of the Sum of
alternate digits to be 0 or
divisible by 11
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Questions
Addition and Multiplication rules
for Even and Odd numbers
Even + Even = Even
Even * Even = Even
Even + Odd = Odd
Even * Odd = Even
Odd + Odd = Even
Odd * Odd = Odd
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Can Even / Odd be an
integer?
Depends on the numbers.
For example, 28/7 is an integer.
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Questions
Can Odd / Odd be an
even integer?
Never
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Questions
Divide an even number with
an odd number. If remainder
exists, is it odd or even?
18/5 - Remainder is 3 - odd
30/ 7 - Remainder is 2 - even
Nothing can be said.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Indices
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Questions
Odd
Odd
= ?
Odd
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Questions
Even
Odd
= ?
Even
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Questions
a
3
* a
2
= ?
a
5

Rule: a
m
* a
n
= a
m+n

Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
(a
3
)
2
= ?
a
6

Rule: (a
m
)
n
= a
m n

Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
a
3
/a
2
= ?
a
Rule: a
m
/ a
n
= a
m - n

Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
(ab)
3
= ?
a
3
b
3
Rule: (ab)
m
= a
m
b
m

Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
a
- 3
= ?
1/ a
3
Rule: (a)
- m
= 1 / a
m

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Questions
What if a is a fraction or
a negative number?
The rules are still applicable
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Questions
LCM / HCF
Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
What are the multiples of
6 and 9?
6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30
9: 9, 18, 27, 36
Common Multiples: 18, 36, ..
LCM: 18
Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
What are the factors of 6
and 9?
6: 1, 2, 3, 6
9: 1, 3, 9
Common Factors: 1, 3
HCF: 3
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Questions
Find the LCM and HCF of
2835 & 3456.
LCM = 362880, HCF = 27
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Questions
Find the LCM and HCF of
3/4 and 1/2.
LCM = 3/2, HCF = 1/4
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Questions
The LCM of two fractions
a/b and c/d is
(LCM of a & c) / (HCF of b & d)
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The HCF of two fractions
a/b and c/d is
(HCF of a & c) / (LCM of b & d)
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Questions
Exercise
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Questions
What is the fraction form
of 0.33333....?
1/3
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Questions
What is the fraction form
of 0.44444.. ?
4/9
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Questions
What is the fraction form
of 0.12121212.. ?
12/99
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Questions
What is the last digit of
71*72*73*...*79?
The product of 72 and 75 will
end in a zero.
So, the last digit of the product
will be zero.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
a and b are the digits of a
two digit number. Then
(ab - ba) is always a
multiple of ...
ab = 10a + b, ba = 10b + a
ab - ba = 9a - 9b
It will always be a multiple of 9
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
A sum of five successive
whole numbers is always
divisible by ...
Let the numbers be x, x+1, x+2,
x+3, x+4. Their sum is 5x + 10.
It will always be divisible by 5.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
When divided by 8, any (odd
number)
2
gives ___ as a
remainder
Square of odd = (2a+1)
2

= 4a
2
+ 4a + 1 = 4 (a
2
+a) + 1
(a
2
+a) will be even, for all a.
4(a
2
+a) will be multiple of 8
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The product
6
7
x 35
3
x 11
10
has how
many prime factors?
6 has 2 prime factors - 2 & 3
So 6
7
has 14 prime factors
Similarly 35
3
has 6 and
11
10
has 10 prime factors.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Mentally calculate the
square of 65
Take the tens digit, 6, add 1
to it.
Multiply the two 6*7 = 42
Append 25 to this - 4225.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Mentally calculate 58*52
Take the tens digit, 5, add 1 to
it.
Multiply the two 6*5 = 30
Append 8*2 = 16 to this - 3016.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What is 245 x 25?
= (250*25) - (5*25)
= 6250 - 125
= 6125
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Questions
What is 204?
14
2
= 196
Calculate (14.1)
2
, (14.2)
2
and
so on (algebraically).
So the square root is between
14 and 15, but closer to 14.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What is 66% of 999 ?
= approx. 66% of 1000
= 660
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Which is larger 103*97 or
107*93?
103*97 = 100
2
- 3
2

107*93 = 100
2
- 7
2

So 103*97 is bigger
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Which is greater - 16/66
or 25%?
16/66 < 16/64
So, the fraction is less than 1/4,
or less than 25%
So 25%is bigger
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What is 107*107?
= (100 +7)
2

= 100
2
+ 2*100*7 + 7
2

= 10,000 + 1400 + 49 = 11449
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Which is larger, 3/7 or
7/14?
7/14 = 1/2
3/6 = 1/2
3/7 < 3/6
So 7/14 is bigger
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Which is bigger 9
99
- 9
98

or 9
98
?
9
99
- 9
98
= 9
98
(9-1)
= 8*9
98

So 9
99
- 9
98
is bigger.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
If I first your marks by
10% and then them by
10%, which are more:
your earlier marks or
changed marks?
The earlier marks are more.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What is the remainder
when 10
12
+ 5 is divided
by 3?
The sum of digits of 10
12
+5 is 6.
Since this is divisible by 3,
the remainder is 0.
Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
Is 53
53
- 33
33
divisible by
10?
Last digits of a number ending
with 3 will be..
3
1
= 3 3
2
= 9
3
3
= 7 3
4
= 1
.
Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
After every 4
th
power the series
will repeat.
So 3
53
and 3
33
will both end in
3.
And the difference will be
divisible by 10.
Pratyush @ Toughest Questions
3 boys go round a circular
field in 3, 4 and 5 minutes
respectively. They start from
the same place at the same
time. When will they be at
the same place again?
They will meet after 60 minutes
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Revision
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Conversion of recurring
decimal 0.abcabcabc .. to
fraction is
abc / 999
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Questions
Shortcut for square of a5?
a(a+1),25
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Questions
LCM * HCF =
Product of the two numbers
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The LCM of two fractions
a/b and c/d is
(LCM of a & c) / (HCF of b & d)
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The HCF of two fractions
a/b and c/d is
(HCF of a & c) / (LCM of b & d)
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Averages
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Questions
A countrys airforce has
18 squadrons and a total
of 558 aircraft. What is the
average number of aircraft
in a squadron?
Average = 558 / 18 = 31
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Questions
Average
Total of class
________________________
number of elements in class
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
If the annual p.c. income
in X is $130 and that in Y
is $90, what is the
average p.c. income of X
and Y taken together?
= 130 + 90 / 2 = 220 / 2 = 110
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
If it is given that Ys
population is half of Xs?
= (130* 2x + 90 * x) / 3x =
116.7
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
If a car with 4 tyres and a
spare traveled 20000 km,
and all tyres have been
used equally, what was
the mileage of each tyre?
80000 / 5 = 16000
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Which is the smallest
whole number, when
multiplied with 576, makes
a perfect cube?
576 = (2
3
) * (2
3
) * (3
2
)
Multiply by 3 to get a perfect
cube.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What should be minimum
number of boys so that
they can be arranged in
the group of 20, 25, 35 or
40 ?
The LCM of 20, 25, 35 and 40
= 1400.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
A batsman's avg. for
some innings was 42.5.
Next 4 innings he scored
45, 48, 41 & 56, and his
avg. for all the innings
became 43.75. How many
innings in all did he play ?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Total till start = 42.5x.
New = 42.5x + (45+48+41+56).
Avg. = (42.5x + 190)/ (x+4) =
43.75
Solve for x, answer = 12.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The average age of Ajit
and his wife when they
married 5 years ago was
24. What is the present
average age of the family
if they have a 2 year-old
son?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The couples current age =
2(24 + 5) = 58.
Including son, total = 60.
Average = 60/3 = 20.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Jill earned $ 1300 last
month. If her basic salary
is $ 1000 more than her
overtime, how much did
she earn in overtime?
Let overtime be x;
x + (1000+x) = 1300. x = 150.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
A number is created by
writing the first 54
numbers:
12345678............. 5354.
This, when divided by 8,
will leave a remainder of?
Remainder will be 354-352 = 2
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
What is the number, if
increased by 7, is
simultaneously divisible
by 27, 21, 35 and 77?
LCM of above numbers =
21*99*5 = 10395
number = 10395 - 7 = 10388
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
X had a batting average
of 40.8/match in 15 one-
day matches. Later, it was
discovered that, in the 2 of
those matches, his score
was 48 and not 84. His
correct average is ...
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
[ 15 * 40.8 - (84-48)*2 ] / 15 =
36
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Mr. X enters a positive
number y in a calculator
and then goes on
pressing the square root
( ) key repeatedly. What
will happen?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
For any positive number, the
larger the n, the closer the
value of n
th
root to 1.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The product of all
integers from 1 to 100 will
have -- number of zeroes
at the end.
One each for each multiple of 5
from 5 to 100; four more for 25,
50, 75, and 100. Answer = 24.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Three wheels rotate at 60,
36 and 24 rpm. Each has
a red spot on its rim,
which coincides at the
start. The red spots will be
at this position again after
how many seconds?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The wheels make 1, 0.6 and
0.4 rev/sec respectively.
LCM of the three is 6 sec.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
The LCM of two numbers
is 12 times their HCF. The
sum of the HCF and LCM
is 403. If one of the
numbers is 93, find the
other.
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Let HCF = x. LCM = 12x.
LCM+HCF =13x = 403.
So x = 31
LCM*HCF = Product
Other number = 12*31*31 / 93
= 124
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
A, B & C sit together for a
meal. A has 3 loaves, B
has 4 and C has none.
They share the loaves
equally and C pays $21.
How much should B get?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
Loaves eaten/person = 7/3,
A contributed 3 - 7/3, = 2/3,
and B contributed 4 - 7/3 = 5/3.
So, B gets 5/7 * 21 = $15
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
X engaged Y at a salary
of $ 2400 for 30 days. Y
forfeits $ 100/day that he
didnt work. At the end,
neither owed the other
any money. How many
days did Y work?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
80x = 100(30-x).
So x = 3000/180
=16 and
2
/
3
days
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
A two digit number "ab"
is squared. The square of
this number is of the form
"ccb". If we know that
"ccb" is greater than 300,
then what is the value of
b?
Pratyush @ Toughest
Questions
17
2
= 289. 35
2
> 1000.
So, the number is between 17
and 35.
"b" can take only values
0,1,5,6.
The only number that fits is 21.