PROBLEM RELATED TO FOOD

DIGESTION
1. Incomplete Digestion Of Food
a) Organisms that possess an incomplete digestive
tract are usually said to possess a sac body plan.

b) An incomplete digestive tract normally has a single
opening that is often called the mouth.

c) There is no anus and the mouth is used both for
entrance forfood
exit for wastes
d) The sac body plan can be simply drawn as







e) There are usually no specialized organs like a
stomach, crop, gizzard, and intestines

f) Examples of multicellular organisms that possess an
incomplete digestive tract are
Hydra
planarians

2. Gallstones Preventing The Flow Of Bile
In the majority of cases, gallstones are precipitates of
cholesterol.
Cholesterol is a hydrophobic molecule that is kept in
solution in the bile by bile salts and phospholipids.
Gallstones form when the level of cholesterol in the
bile exceeds the capacity of the phospholipids and
bile salts to keep it in solution.
This might occur in someone with
hypercholesterolemia (high circulating levels of LDL
cholesterol ), or in an older person in whom bile salt
synthetic enzymes have become less active.







Gallstones can be completely asymptomatic. When
they become a problem is when gallbladder
contraction cause a stone to move into one of the bile
ducts.
The figure summarizes the pathological consequences
of gallstones in different locations.
Notably, a gallstones blocking the common bile duct
will prevent the flow of bile into the small intestine.
This causes decreased excretion of bile pigments and
can lead to jaundice as bilirubin accumulates in
tissues.
If the gallstone is lodged in the duodenal papilla, it
will block the release of pancreatic secretions.
Inappropriate activation of pancreatic zymogens
within the pancreas leads to acute pancreatitis
(tissue damage and inflammation in the pancreas)

Gallstones are usually treated by surgical methods.
Gallstones confined to the gallbladder and cystic bile
duct can be treated with removal of the gallbladder
(cholecystectomy) .
Endoscopic surgical methods can be used to remove
gallstones lodged in the common bile duct or
duodenal papilla.
In patients that are not good candidates for surgery,
shock waves can be used to break up stones.
Oral bile salts are delivered to the bile ducts and
gallbladder by the enterohepatic circulation.
3. Reduced Production Of Specific
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive enzyme supplements are not
categorized as medical drugs, but as dietary
supplements. This means they do not follow
the same strict regulations that are applied
to medical drugs.

Digestive Enzymes supplement side effects :
1. Excessive gas

A lack of enzymes in your body can cause excessive
gas because your digestive system is unable to break
down food properly . Ironically enzyme supplements
can also have the same affect, however this is usually
a positive sign that they are working. Flatulence is
often caused by the new enzymes going to work
within your digestive tract and breaking down the
food.

A lack of enzymes can results in a build up of
undigested foods that need to be broken down and
removed. This creates extra gas, but should subside
once your digestive system adapts to the new
enzymes.
2. Diarrhea
Diarrhea can be a reaction to the digestive enzymes
breaking down undigested foods that have built up
along the walls of the intestinal tract. This residue
becomes hard over time and when mixed with the
water that is released in the colon, can often result in
water stools.
Furthermore, a diet lacking in natural enzymes and
fiber can make your stools dry and hard. Introducing
more enzymes into your system will improve the
absorption of water and this can be temporarily
cause loose stools.
3. Abdominal pain
One of the most common digestive enzyme
supplement side effects are nausea and abdominal
pains. These can be a result of your stomachs
sensitivity to the ingredients used within the enzyme
supplement.
Another common effect is stomach burning. This can
happen if youre taking a protease digestive enzymes
as these can irritate the lining of the stomach.
How to reduce the side effects
Restoring the probiotic in your intestinal tract. these
bacteria are vital to your digestive health, because
they inhibit the growth of disease causing pathogens
as well as support your immune system.