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What are images?

Photographs (scanned, downloaded)

Pictures (drawn, painted)

Movies (videos, animation)

Vector Graphics

A vector image is defined by objects which are made of lines and curves that are
defined mathematically in the computer.

Vector graphics are created from mathematical formulas used to define lines,
shapes and curves.

Edited in draw programs
Drawing programs such as CorelDraw and Adobe
Illustrator produce vector graphics.

A vector graphic can be moved or resized without losing
quality and file sizes are generally smaller than raster graphics.
Shapes can be edited by moving
points called nodes (drawing points)



Node
Handle
Examples
Illustrations
Text objects
Drawing tool objects
Tables, charts &
graphs
Never .tif, .jpg, .png or
.gif file type
Examples

Original Image
Resized
Image
Shapes that
make up the
image.
Common Vector File Formats

AI Adobe Illustrator
Industry standard used by developers of vector graphics.
Used to create, save, and archive original artwork.
EPS Encapsulated Postscript
Meta Graphic
Graphics developers generally save a copy of the AI file in EPS
format because it can be opened by computers running different
operating systems.
Preferred format for vendors/clients who use the graphics in
publications due to its portability.

Usual File Types
.pdf : Portable Document Format
Preferred for distribution on web & in email
Supports bitmap and vector objects in same
document
Supports multiple page documents
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.ppt
Supports bitmap and vector objects in same
document
Supports multiple page documents
.ai
Editable postscript format
Supports bitmap, vector, and text data
Supports layers
Single page documents
.cnv
Lossless format supports bitmap and vector data


More Vector Formats

SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
Standard format created by W3C
Versatile, all-purpose vector format

CDR Corel Draw

DXF AutoCAD

WMF Windows Metafile

Capacity
capacity const;
Size
type
Return size of allocated storage capacity
Returns the size of the storage space currently allocated for the vector,
expressed in terms of elements.
This capacity is not necessarily equal to the vector size. It can be equal or
greater, with the extra space allowing to accommodate for growth without
the need to reallocate on each insertion.
Notice that this capacity does not suppose a limit on the size of the vector.
When this capacity is exhausted and more is needed, it is automatically
expanded by the container (reallocating it storage space). The theoretical
limit on the size of a vector is given by member max_size.
The capacity of a vector can be explicitly altered by calling member
vector::reserve.
Resolution

Print resolution is measured in
dots per inch.

Print resolution should be at least 150 dpi.

For high quality printing, images should be 300 dpi or
greater.

Print resolution depends on the printing press being used
(Offset, Web etc.).




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There are three types of resolution measuring different
aspects of the quality, detail and size of an image:

Colour resolution
Image resolution
Display resolution




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Image Resolution:
The term resolution often associated with an
images degree of detail or quality.

Display Resolution:
Resolution can also refer to quality capability of
graphic output (monitor).

Colour Resolution / Colour Depth:
Colour depth describe the number of bits used to
represent the colour of a single pixel.

Image Resolution
Image resolution measures the
pixel dimension of an
overall image.
* That is measured in
width and height.
#Ex: 100 * 100-pixel image
has a total of 10,000 pixels.
Display Resolution
It is also measured in pixels in terms of height and width.

It simply means how many pixels can be displayed on the
computer screen.

It normally uses a setting of
640x480(VGA)
800x600 (SVGA)
1024x768, etc.

We can change the display resolution under Display
Properties in Control panel.

Colour resolution
Each pixel can represent at least 2 possible colours or
more.
Colour resolution is measured in bits.

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Resolution terminology varies according to the
intended output device.
1.PPI (pixels per inch) refers to screen
resolution (monitors)
2. DPI (dots per inch) refers to print
resolution
3.SPI (samples per inch) refers to
scanning resolution
4. LPI (lines per inch) refers to halftone
(often newspapers) resolution.




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Sometimes images are referred to as high resolution
(hi-res) or low resolution (lo-res).
High resolution would be an image intended for
print, generally having at least 300 pixels per inch.
Low resolution refers to images only intended for
screen display, generally having 72-96 pixels per
inch.
An image for use on the internet should only be 72
dpi (the minimum display resolution) to minimize
download time.

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Scanner and digital camera manufacturers often
refer to two different types of resolution when
listing product specs:
1. optical resolution
2. interpolated (or digital) resolution.
* The optical resolution is the true measurement of
resolution that the output device can capture.
* Interpolated, or digital, resolution is acquired
artificially.


Uses of Vector Graphics
Graphics that will be scaled (or resized)
Architectural drawings and CAD programs
Flow charts
Logos that will be scaled (resized)
Cartoons and clip art
Graphics on websites
Because they have very small file sizes.
This allows them to load quickly.
Fonts and specialized text effects


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