01-Fundamentals of Network

Infrastructure

What Is a LAN?
A LAN:

Is a single physical location
Has fast network connectivity

Server
Switch
Printer
Workstations
What Is a WAN?
A WAN:
Is used between physical locations
Has slower connection speed than a LAN
Is more expensive than LAN connectivity
Uses connectivity typically provided by another
company
Branch Office
Head Office
Server
LAN
LAN
Server
Router
Router
What Is a Branch Office?
A branch office is remote location that is
connected by WAN links to the head office with:
A generally small number of users
Limited local support resources
Limited local computing resources
Branch Office
Head Office
Server
LAN LAN
Server
Branch Office
LAN
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) is a network
protocol that automatically assigns
TCP/IP information to client
machines.
DHCP reduces the complexity and
amount of administrative work by
using automatic TCP/IP configuration

DHCP
DHCP Client DHCP Client
DHCP Server
DHCP Database
IP Address1
IP Address2
IP Address3
.
.
.
IP AddressN
IP Address2
IP Address1
DHCP Client
DHCP Scope
A scope is a range of IP addresses that are available
to be leased
Scope Properties
Scope name
Exclusion range
Lease duration
Network IP
address range
Network ID
Subnet mask
LAN A
DHCP Server
Scope A
WINS Servers
Common scope options are:
DHCP Options
DHCP options are values for common configuration data
that applies to the scope
Default Gateway
DNS Servers
Verifying DHCP client IP address
C:\>ipconfig
To display only the IP address, subnet
mask and default gateway for each
adapter bound to TCP/IP


Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.198
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . .: 192.168.1.1



Verifying DHCP client IP address
C:\>ipconfig /all
To display detailed information.
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:

Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe FE Family Controller
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-26-2D-B8-7C-28
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.198(Preferred)
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, February 20, 2012 4:39:48 AM
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, February 21, 2012 7:18:13 AM
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.10
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.15
NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled

.

Verifying DHCP client IP address
C:\>ipconfig /release
To release the IP address


C:\>ipconfig /renew

To renew the IP address

DNS
The Domain Name System (DNS) is a service
designed to resolve IP addresses to host names and
host names to IP addresses



The forward lookup zone resolves
host names to IP addresses
The reverse lookup zone resolves
IP addresses to host names





DNS Client2
DNS Client3
Forward and Reverse Lookup Zones
DNS Client1
Forward
lookup
zone
DNS Client1 192.168.2.45
DNS Client2 192.168.2.46
DNS Client3 192.168.2.47

Reverse
lookup
zone

192.168.2.45 DNS Client1
192.168.2.46 DNS Client2
192.168.2.47 DNS Client3
DNS Client2 = ?
192.168.2.46 = ?
DNS Server
DNS Resource Records
In a DNS server, all information is stored in basic
data elements called resource records (RR), which
hold information associated with the domain name.
DNS resource records include:
SOA: Start of Authority
NS: Name Server
A: Host Record
CNAME: Alias Record
MX: Mail Exchange Record
Adding a New Reverse Lookup Zone
Adding a New Host (A) Record
Adding a New Host (A) Record
Adding a New Host (A) Record
Adding a New Host (A) Record
Associated Pointer (PTR) Record
Adding a New Alias (CNAME) Record
Adding a New Alias (CNAME) Record
Adding a New Alias (CNAME) Record
Configuring Preferred DNS server on hosts using
static IP address
Adding DNS option on DHCP server
Adding DNS option on DHCP server
Adding DNS option on DHCP server
Testing the DNS Server
Verify the DNS using the nslookup tool



File Server
File Server
A file server provides a central location on
your network where you can store files and
share them with users across your network

When NTFS file system permissions and
shared folder permissions are combined,
the resulting permission is the most
restrictive permission

Sharing Folders
Sharing Folders

Sharing Folders
Sharing Folders
Print Server
Print Server enables you to:
share printers on a network
centralize network printers management
Print
Server
Print Permissions

Windows Network Models
On a Microsoft network, computers are
grouped logically into either:

Workgroup (Windows Peer-to-Peer Network)
or
Domain (Active Directory Network)



Workgroup
Workgroups are designed to support
small groups of users.
There is no centralized management of
user accounts or of resources, and each
machine requires a separate
administrator.
Windows server 2008/2012 in a
workgroup is referred to as standalone
server

Workgroup
Workgroup
The identity store is the security accounts manager (SAM) database on
each Windows system
No shared identity store
Multiple user accounts
Management of passwords is challenging
Domain
Once there are a certain number of machines
on the network, the workgroup model no
longer suits, and the domain model should be
utilized to manage the resources.
The key benefits of a domain are:
Centralized logon control
Centralized user and group management
Better control of resources
Single group policy for whole domain

Domain
Windows server 2008 /2012 in a domain can be a Domain
controller or a Member server.
Domain controller: The server keeps and maintains a copy
of the Active Directory database and provides secure account
management for domain member users and computers.
Member server: The server is not operating as a domain
controller but has joined a domain in which it has a
membership account in the Active Directory database.

Domain
Domain
Centralized identity
store trusted by all
domain members
Centralized
authentication service
Hosted by a server
performing the role of
an Active Directory
Domain Services (AD
DS)
High Availability
High Availability is the ability to provide
continued service after a server failure.
Providing high availability is important for any
organization that wants to provide continuous
services to its users.
You need at least two servers running the same
service to provide high availability for that service.

Active Directory and DNS High Availability
Because Active Directory depends on DNS, each
domain controller must be a DNS server (Microsoft
recommends that you use Active Directory-integrated
zones).
It is recommended to have a domain controller in
remote sites to protect against an unavailable WAN
connection.
All domain controllers in a domain essentially are
equal. Each domain controller holds a copy of the
directory store, and updates can be made to the AD DS
data on all domain controllers.
Active Directory and DNS High Availability
Active Directory and DNS High Availability
To add an additional server running AD DS and DNS,
you need to:
1. Join the new server to the domain
2. Add the role AD DS
3. Select :Add a domain controller to an existing
domain in the Choose a Deployment
Configuration Windows
4. In the windows of Additional Domain Controller
Options , check the two boxes : DNS server and
Global catalog.

Active Directory and DNS High Availability
Active Directory and DNS High Availability
Active Directory and DNS High Availability