COMPUTER

CONCEPTS
David Mark R. Pestao
Faculty, Information System Department
College Of Computer Studies
DATA
DATA PROCESSING
OPERATIONS IN DATA
PROCESSING
ADVANTAGES OF DATA
PROCESSING
TOPICS
Data
DATA
V.S.
INFORMATION
Data
Data consists of raw facts.
The word raw is used to
indicate that the facts have not
yet been process to reveal their
meaning.
Information
Information is a processed
data, on which to base
decision. It is a collection of
facts organized in such a way
that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts
themselves.
SUMMARY
Data constitute the building blocks of
information.
Information is produced by processing
data.
Information is used to reveal the
meaning of data.
Good, relevant, and timely information
is the key to good decision-making.
Good decision-making is the key to
organizational survival in a global
environment.
Data Processing
Data Processing
Data Processing is the
manipulation of data into a
more useful form. It involves
the collecting, processing, and
distributing of facts and figures
to achieve a desired result.
Data Processing
Data processing system refers
to the equipment or devices
and procedures by which the
result is achieved.
Data Processing Cycle
Data Processing Cycle
Input is the activity of
capturing and gathering raw
data. Input can be a manual
process or it may be
automated.
Data Processing Cycle
Process involves converting or
transforming data into useful
outputs. Processing can be
done manually or with the
assistance of computers.
Data Processing Cycle
Output involves producing
useful information, usually in
the form of documents,
reports, and transaction data.
Output can be produced in a
variety of ways.
Data Processing Cycle
Areas of Data
Processing
Data processing may be
classified as either scientific or
business in nature.
Areas of Data
Processing
Data processing may be
classified as either scientific or
business in nature.
Areas of Data
Processing
Business Data Processing. Business
data processing is characterized by
the need to establish, retain, and
process files of data for producing
useful information. Generally, it
involves a large volume of input data,
limited arithmetical operations, and a
relatively large volume of output.
Areas of Data
Processing
Scientific Data Processing. In
science, data processing involves a
limited volume of input and many
logical or arithmetic calculations.
Unlike business problems, most of
the scientific problems are non-
repetitive, requiring a one-time
solution.
Operations In
Data Processing
Operations Of Data
Processing
1) Recording
2) Verifying
3) Duplicating
4) Classifying
5) Sorting
6) Calculating
7) Summarizing & Reporting
8) Merging
9) Storing
10) Retrieving
11) Feedback
Recording
Recording refers to the transfer of
data onto some form or document.
It relates to the documentation of
intermediate figures and facts
resulting from calculations.
Verifying
Verifying is making sure that the
data that is recorded is free of
error.
Duplicating
Duplicating is the reproducing of
data onto many forms of
documents. Duplicating may be
done while the data is manually
recorded, or it may be done
afterwards, by some machine.
Classifying
Classifying separates data into
various forms and categories. It is
the identifying and arranging of
items with like characteristics into
groups or classes.
Sorting
Sorting is the arranging of data in a
specific order. After the data are
classified, it is usually necessary to
arrange or rearrange them in a
predetermined sequence to
facilitate processing.
Calculating
Calculating is the arithmetic
manipulation of data. It is a crucial
phase of data manipulation
because the outcome of this
operation becomes part of the
output.
Summarizing &
Reporting
Summarizing and Reporting
involves the process of condensing
the collection of data and certain
conclusions from the data are
represented in a meaningful format.
Merging
Merging takes two or more sets of
data, all sets having been sorted by
the same key, and puts them
together to form a single sorted set
of data.
Storing
Storing is placing similar data into
files for future reference.
Retrieving
Retrieving is the recovering of
stored data and/or information
when needed.
Feedback
Feedback is the comparison of the
output(s) and the goal set in
advance; any discrepancy is
analyzed, corrected and fed back to
the proper stage in the processing
operation.
Operations Of Data
Processing
1) Recording
2) Verifying
3) Duplicating
4) Classifying
5) Sorting
6) Calculating
7) Summarizing & Reporting
8) Merging
9) Storing
10) Retrieving
11) Feedback
Advantage of
Electronic Data
Processing
Speed
Automatic Operation
Accuracy
Decision Making
capability
Compact Storage
Discipline imposes
End Of Discussion