Guided by Presented by MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT 1 INTRODUCTION TO FLUID POWER
Fluid power is a term which was created to include the generation, control, and application of smooth, effective power of pumped or compressed fluids (either liquids or gases) when this power is used to provide force and motion to mechanisms. This force and motion maybe in the form of pushing, pulling, rotating, regulating, or driving. Fluid power includes hydraulics, which involves liquids, and pneumatics, which involves gases.
2 INTRODUCTION An industrial robot is officially defined by ISO as an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes. The Robotic Manipulator Arm extends the flexibility of workstations by transporting material more efficiently and quickly between worktable, peripheral devices and assembly lines etc. Despite its numerous possible usages, it finds most widespread usage in manufacturing industry. Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place, packaging and palletizing, product inspection, and testing, all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.
3 ADVANTAGES OF FLUID POWER They eliminate the need for complicated systems of gears, cams, and levers. The fluids used are not subject to breakage or wear as are mechanical parts. The forces can be conveyed up and down or around corners with small loss in efficiency and without complicated mechanisms. Very large forces can be controlled by much smaller ones and can be transmitted through comparatively small lines and orifices It can provide smooth, flexible, uniform action without vibration, and is unaffected by variation of load. In case of an overload, an automatic release of pressure can be guaranteed Fluid power systems can provide widely variable motions in both rotary and straight-line trans- mission of power.
4 CONCEPT
The basic concept used behind the operation is PASCALs LAW. This law states that when a pressure is applied at one point of a fluid contained in a constrained volume, then the pressure due to that force is equally transmitted to all the points of the fluid, which are acted upon by the same pressure. Using the same principle, we applied pressure to fluid in syringe which is transmitted to other end of tube which is connected to a syringe. This motion of the syringe is used to move the links or parts of the mechanism which are attached to respective syringes.
5 PASCALS LAW
The foundation of modern hydraulics was established when Pascal discovered that pressure in a fluid acts equally in all directions. This pressure acts at right angles to the containing surfaces. If some type of pressure gauge, with an exposed face, is placed beneath the surface of a liquid at a specific depth and pointed in different directions, the pressure will read the same. Thus, we can say that pressure in a liquid is independent of direction. Pressure due to the weight of a liquid, at any level, depends on the depth of the fluid from the surface.
6 WORKING A robotic arm which is hydraulically operated and controlled by syringes filled with some fluid. It consists of various parts connected to each other in a pre-designed manner which are guided in a constrained way to obtain required output.
7 PROGRESS Considered the material type and dimensions Collected sample design on the project Enquired about the project applications Estimated the approx. project expenditure
8 PARTS 6 5 ml syringes 93 cm of tubing to fit the syringes, - 6 mm outside diameter 166 cm of 1 x 1 cm sticks base this can be any size 8.8 cm wide x 26cm long ( an 11 piece of 1 x 4 wood) a small disk about 7.5 cm diameter 30 cm of 2 cm x 2 cm wood for the stand any size close to this is OK though 50 cm of dowel 9 DESIGN 10 11 APPLICATION
The Hydraulic Arm will Deliver the most objects in a given amount of time. Function in an assembly line. Have a system to weigh the object it picks up. Rotate as well as reach and grab. Dig and recover objects
12 conclusion Our design uses extremely simple ideas and mechanisms to achieve a complex set of actions and is intended to imitate the actions of the operators. However, these hydraulic arms are expensive for small scale industries. If the major problem of high initial cost is addressed, a robotic hydraulic arm can be introduced in any industry to bring in automation. The mechanical links and parts that have been fabricated are extremely simple.