Associations Diagnosis of Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a single disorder that includes disorders that were previously considered separate autism, Aspergers syndrome, childhood disintegrative developmental disorder not otherwise specified. Autistic Disorder
Retts Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Aspergers Disorder
PDD-NOS
Age of Onset Delays or abnormal functioning in social interaction, language or play by age 3. Apparently normal prenatal development; apparently normal motor development for first 5 months; deceleration of head growth between ages 5 and 48 months . Apparently normal development for at least the first two years of birth; clinically significant loss of previously acquired skills before age 10. NO clinically significant delay in language, cognitive development, or development of age appropriate self-help skills, adaptive behavior and environment in childhood. This category is to be used in cases of pervasive impairment in social interaction and communicatio n with presence of stereotyped behaviors of interests when criteria are not met for a specific disorder. Autistic Disorder Retts Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Aspergers Disorder PDD-NOS
Social Interaction Qualitative Impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the ff: a. marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors i.e., eye to eye gazed; b.Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to development al level; c. Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment with other people; d. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity. Loss of social engagement early in the course (although often social interaction develops later). Same with Autistic disorder along with loss of social skills (previously acquired). Same as Autistic disorder. Autistic Disorder Retts Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Aspergers Disorder PDD-NOS
Communication Qualitative impairments of communication as manifested by at least one of the ff: a. delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language; b. Marked impairment in initiating or sustaining a conversation with others, in individuals with adequate speech; c. Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language; d. Lack of varied, spontaneous make-be;ieve or imitative play Severely impaired expressive and receptive language development and severe psychomotor retardation. Same as Autistic disorder, along with loss of expressive or receptive language previously acquired. NO clinically significant delay in language. Autistic Disorder Retts Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Aspergers Disorder PDD-NOS
Behavior Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, as manifested by one of the ff: a. preoccupatio n with one or more stereotyped or restricted patterns of interest; b. adherence to nonfunctiona l routines or rituals; c. stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms; d. persistent preoccupatio n with parts of objects. Loss of previously acquired purposeful hand movements; appearance of poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements. Same as Autistic disorder, along with loss of bowel or bladder control, play, motor skills previously acquired. Same as Autistic Disorder. Autistic Disorder Retts Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder Aspergers Disorder PDD-NOS
Exclusions Disturbance not better accounted for by Retts or CDD. Disturbance not better accounted for by another PDD or schizophrenia. Criteria are not met for another PDD or Schizophrenia . Changes to diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder In May 2013, the criteria used to diagnose children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) changed. Previously, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-IV) categorised children with ASD as having either autistic disorder, Aspergers disorder or PDD-NOS. The new version of the Manual, DSM-5, combines these three categories into one, which is simply referred to as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Autism Spectrum Disorder/ Autistic Disorder A collection of developmental disorders in which a child engages in repetitive behaviors and has trouble communicating and connecting with others. It's usually diagnosed around age 2 or 3, although some signs show up earlier. Symptoms can be mild to severe.
Autistic Disorder Children who meet more rigid criteria for a diagnosis of autism have autistic disorder. They have more severe impairments involving social and language functioning as well as repetitive behaviors. Often, they also have mental retardation and seizures. Age of Onset Delays or abnormal functioning in social interaction, language or play by age 3.
Checklist for signs of autism Social interactions Children with autism might: seem to be in their own world show little eye contact for example, during interaction, or to draw attention to something not use gestures for example, lifting arms to be picked up not share enjoyment or interests for example, they might not point to an object or event to share it show little emotion or empathy not respond to their names show no interest in other children or peers. Social Interaction Qualitative Impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the ff: a. marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors i.e., eye to eye gazed; b. Failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level; c. Lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment with other people; d. Lack of social or emotional reciprocity.
Checklist for signs of autism Communication Children with autism might: have little or no babble have little or no spoken language not engage in pretend play for example, they wont feed a baby doll have echolalia, which means they echo or mimic words or phrases without meaning or in an unusual tone of voice have difficulty understanding and following simple instructions for example, Give me the block might be difficult for them.
Communication Qualitative impairments of communication as manifested by at least one of the ff: a.delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language; b.Marked impairment in initiating or sustaining a conversation with others, in individuals with adequate speech; c.Stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language; d.Lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe or imitative play
Checklist for signs of autism Repetitive or persistent behaviours Children with autism might: have intense interest in certain objects theyll get stuck on one particular toy or object focus narrowly on an object for example, on a detail like opening and closing the door on a toy bus rather than pretending to drive it insist on following routines and be easily upset by change show repetitive body movements or unusual body movements for example, back-arching, hand-flapping or walking on toes.
Behavior Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, as manifested by one of the ff: a.preoccupation with one or more stereotyped or restricted patterns of interest; b.adherence to nonfunctional routines or rituals; c.stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms; d.persistent preoccupation with parts of objects. Checklist for signs of autism Sensory issues Children with autism might: be extremely sensitive to sensory experiences for example, they might be easily upset by certain sounds, or only eat foods with a certain texture seek sensory stimulation for example, they might like deep pressure touch or vibrating objects like the washing machine like to flutter their fingers at the side of their eyes to watch the light flicker.
Exclusions Disturbance not better accounted for by Retts or CDD. What Causes Autism? Genetic problems: Over the last five years, scientists have identified a number of rare gene changes, or mutations, associated with autism. Research has identified more than a hundred autism risk genes. In around 15 percent of cases, a specific genetic cause of a persons autism can be identified. However, most cases involve a complex and variable combination of genetic risk and environmental factors that influence early brain development.
What Causes Autism? Environmental Factors: parental age at time of conception (both mom and dad) maternal illness during pregnancy extreme prematurity and very low birth weight and certain difficulties during birth(periods of oxygen deprivation to the babys brain) Mothers exposed to high levels of pesticides and air pollution may also be at higher risk of having a child with ASD Prevalence Of Autism Went from 1 in 2500, to 1 in 1000, to 1 in 166 over the past decade. Autism is now more common than childhood cancer, downs syndrome, spina bifida or cystic fibrosis. Boys are affected 4 times as often as girls but unknown as to why. 1 out of 68 families will have a child with autism.
Is There A Cure For Autism? No it is a lifelong disorder. Some suggest otherwise but theres a lack of evidence. But people with Autism often make good progress and develop coping strategies. Range of therapies and treatments but no real consensus on what is most effective. Because there is a wide variability in people with Autism there is a need to develop an individual treatment and management plan.
6 Steps To Success For Autism Step 1: Educate Yourself. Step 2: Reach Out to the Parents. Step 3: Prepare the Classroom. Step 4: Educate Peers and Promote Social Goals. Step 5: Collaborate on the Implementation of an Education Plan. Step 6: Manage Behavioral Challenges.