Chapter 17

Immunoregulation


To keep the individual homeostasis by
regulating the balance between immunocyte
and immunocyte, between immunocyte and
immune molecule and between immune
system and nerve system /endocrine system.
Content
Immuno-regulation on genetic level
Immuno-regulation on molecular level
Immuno-regulation on cellular level
Immuno-regulation on individual and population
level
Section I regulation on genetic level

1. Genes encode TCR and BCR
2. Genes encode immune response regulating
molecules:
MHC
Immune response gene,Ir gene(HLA)
Section II. Immunologic regulation
on molecular level
1. Regulation of antigen to Ir

2. Regulation of antibody and Ag-Ab complex to
Ir

antibody feedback inhibition:


1. Regulation of antigen
Route of Ag entrance
Dosage of Ag
Structural characteristic: antigen competition
2. Regulation of antibody
1regulation by immune complex

When Ab increase, it binds to Ag and weaken IR

Regulation of Ag-Ab complex to I R ----- Antibody
feedback inhibition

IgM----stimulate IR
IgG----reduce IR
FcrR II
BCR BCR
Antibody Feedback Inhibition
ITIM
Ag
Ag
antibody feedback inhibition:
(2) The idiotypic networks and
immunologic regulation
Idiotypic determinant or idiotype: a unique determinant
on an antibody or BCR/TCR molecule,usually formed
by one or more of the hypervariable regions.
anti-idiotypic antibody (or TCR): antibodies against
idiotype of antibodies or TCRs

Idiotypic networks
A network of
complementary
interactions involving
idiotypes and anti-
idiotypic antibodies(or
TCR).
AgAb1Ab2
Ab3-------


3.regulation of complements
1) Promote APC capture antigens:
CR1 receptor on APC capture C3b-Ag-Ab complex

2) Promote the activation of B cell
CR2 on B cell
4. Immunoregulation by co-stimulatory signal

B7----CD28
----CTLA-4

5. The regulation of signal transduction

(1). ITAMs and ITIMs
(2). Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation


Part The immunoloregulation on cellular level



1. Regulation of T cell subsets
Th
CD4+CD25+Treg
2. Regulation of B cells
3. AICD (activation induced cell death)


Th1
+IL-12 +IL-4
IL-2
IFN-g
IL-4
IL-10
inhibit
Cell mediated
immunity
Humoral
immunity
Th0
Th2
Th1 Th2
AICD
SectionIV The immunologic regulation on
individual and population level

I ) Nerve-endocrine-immune system regulation
networks

II) Immune system regulate the nerve and
endocrine system.