PRESENTED BY

SAAD SAEED KHAN TC-065

ADEEL AZHAR TC-068
MUHAMMAD ASHAR TC-050
MUHAMMAD TAHA KHAN TC-062
Department of Electronics Engineering
Telecommunications Programme
NED University of Engineering and Technology
GSM ( GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION )
This is a world-wide standard for digital cellular
telephony, or as most people know them Digital
Mobile Telephones
GSM was created by the Europeans, and originally
meant "Groupe Special Mobile",
GSM is a published standard by ETSI, and has now
enjoys widespread implementation in Europe, Asia,
and increasingly America.

The GSM Network

The GSM network is divided into three major systems
The switching system (SS)
The base station system (BSS)
Operation and support system (OSS)

GSM REFRENCE MODEL
EVOLUTION OF BTS

Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a
piece of equipment that facilitates
wireless communication between
user equipment (UE) and a
telecommunication network.
It can call as Access Network Node
(ASN).
Encoding , Encrypting , multiplexing
, modulating, and feeding the RF
signals to the antenna.


COMPONENTS OF BTS
TRANSCEIVER
COMBINER
POWER AMPLIFIER
FANS
COSA AND COBA
FREQUENCY CONTROL UNIT ANDEXTENSION
CONTROL UNIT



Transceiver (TRX)

It referred to as the driver receiver that basically
does transmission and reception signal to/from user
equipment (UE).
Also it does sending and reception of signal to/from
higher network entities.

Combiner

Combines feeds from several driver receiver, so that
it could be send out trough single antenna.
It allows for reduction at number of antenna used.
The Daumcos are also called combiners which is
also installed in the cabinet,depends on the
sectorization either for DCS or GSM.The Antenna
cables which is coming from outdoor is connected to
daumco through male connectors.

1DAUMCO=4TRE
1ECU =1 TRE
1FCU = 2TRE
Power Amplifier (PA)

The power supplies modules is installed in the
cabinet and it is given by -48 v.
It amplifies the signal from driver receiver for
transmission trough antenna,may be integrated with
antenna itself.


FANS
The Fans which is also installed in the cabinet for
specially cooling purpose.
There is 9 fans installed in the cabinet,which is
commissioned by the software.


EXTENSION CARD (COSA)
The above stands for Core base board supported 4
PCM and 12 CU interfaces.
COSA stands for Core satellite board supporting 4
PCM and 12 CU interfaces.
Actually all controlling is performed by COBA and
COSA is used for the extens
FREQUENCY CONTROL UNIT
AND EXTENSION CONTROL
UNIT
The FCU/ECU which is installed in the cabinet which
depends only on the number of TRE's.
The FCU contains 2 TRE's and ECU contains 1
TRE's, the commissioning depends on the using
either in GSM or DCS. Its different on the different
sector.
Here FCU utilizes the same power as compared to
CU but its capacity is doubled.
BASE SUBSTATION SYSYTEM
(BSS)
The physical equipment that provides radio coverage
to prescribed geographical area
It contains equipment required to communicate with
the MS
Functionally a BSS consists of a control function
carried out by a BSC and a transmitting function
carried out by the BTS
A BTS can serve several cells and it can have
multiple BTS

INTRODUCTION OF SEIMENS
BTS BS-240XL
BS-240XL is the new future-proof evolution of
Siemens BTS hardware.
Highlights are 24 TRX in 3 racks with 8 TRX each,
significantly
Reduced volume per TRX,
A future-oriented platform for new GSM features
INTRODUCTION OF
COMMISSIONING SOFTWARE.

The Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) Evolution is the
application commonly used to configure and maintain the
Siemens BSC, BTSE and TRAU through a set of
functions and procedures tailored to operate in a local
environment.
Local environment means that LMT Evolution is
physically connected to the local Network Element (BSC,
BTS or TRAU) through a cable and communicates with it.
THREE PHASES OF LMT SOFTWARE
PHASE #1
PHASE #2
PHASE #3

PHASE 1

In the phase 1,we delete the garbage software from
the COBA and download the new software as given
by the operator version .
And then it executes the software
The detection and configuration of other equipment
is done in the next phase.


PHASE 2
In the phase 2.we configure the all installed
equipment in the cabinet like daumco,fans
fcu/ecu,coba or cosa etc.And the ending of
commissioning software is done in phase 3 and also
all documentation.
In the phase 2 we create first rack like rack 0and its
types is BS240XL then the hierarchy starts after the
creation of rack 0.

PHASE 3
In phase 3, we use the ending of software and done
all documentation files like Backup, Disk etc etc
And the Microwave which is used for the data
transfer from one point to another is of Siemens
(SRAL XD) and we use here just two E1s data and
patched the cable from Microwave to DDF Panel as
shown in figure.

HANDOVER REGIONS

REPEATER SITES
A remote unit must be located where it can receive
the greatest signal from the donor unit in order to
maximize the repeaters output and performance.

AX POWER AX AND OMNI AX

REPEATER TYPES
Channel-selective Repeater
Frequency shifting repeater
Fiber optic fed repeater


CHANNEL SELECTIVE
REPEATER
One or several frequency
channels can be selected
Only wanted channels are
amplified

FREQUENCY SHIFTING
REPEATER
The frequency shifting repeater is a
2-channel repeater, which consists
of a two parts; one remote unit and
one donor unit
The frequency shifting repeater has
higher gain and higher output power
than the Channel selective model,
which enables a considerably larger
coverage area (Comparable to a
base station). The main applications
for the frequency shifting Repeaters
are road coverage, rural coverage or
moving capacity from one base
Station to another area.

FIBER OPTIC FED REPEATER

The fiber optic fed repeater is basically a channel
selective repeater that receives the signal directly from
the base station through the fiber optic cable.
This is used when the air signal at the repeater site is
not strong enough (i.e. tunnel or inside a building),
and the base station is located at an acceptable
distance from the Repeater site to use fiber optic
cables.
The principal inside the repeater is similar to the
normal channel selective repeater.

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
OF RF REPEATER SITE

SPLITTER

Splitters are used in distribution systems to divide an
input signal into two or more output signals.
Splitters have two important characteristics which
determine whether the device is good or bad. Trough
loss and isolation are two important parameters of a
splitter
PANEL ANTENNA

Frequency range from 250MHz to 18GHz
A directional antenna radiates in one direction giving
increased gain.
Flat panel antennas can be highly directional with
narrow azimuth and elevation radiation patterns for
pinpoint accuracy in a communication network.

OMNI ANTENNA

An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna system
which radiates power uniformly in one plane with a
directive pattern shape in a perpendicular plane. This
pattern is often described as "donut shaped.

RF REPEATER
Easy implemented in existing network
Reduction of mobile transmit power
Increasing cell size (less handovers)
No microwave or leased line connection necessary
because donor link realized via Um

APPLICATION AREAS
Mountains
Highways
Tunnels
Improve in-building coverage
Fake site Moving Capacity
Fiber Optical Repeater with micro-cell



Mountains
When coverage extension becomes difficult due to
hills and mountains preventing line-of-sight with the
BTS location, using a RF or fiber optical repeater to
enhance signal coverage provides an ideal solution.
The repeater is connected via coaxial cables to
donor and service antennas. Ideally to maximize the
output power of the repeater, donor and service
antennas should be installed on opposite sides of
the mountain to take advantage of mountain as an
isolation barrier.

Highway

In most practical situations providing coverage to
highways provides convenience and for emergency
purposes.
Highways tend to be long winding roads obstructed
by hills in between, leaving blinds spots where the
BTS signals can not reach.

Tunnels

Delivering a reliable and seamless mobile
communications for underground subway and
tunnels presents operators with many challenges
due to the limitation of RF propagation and
penetration.
In order to provide coverage to these areas, a cost
effective and reliable solution may come from a RF
or fiber optical repeater.

Improve in-building coverage

The signal is taken with the pick-up antenna, and
distributed via a channel selective repeater and an
antenna system inside the building.
One or two channel selective repeaters can be
enough to cover a skyscraper, depending on the
conditions.

Fake site Moving Capacity

The BTS is upgraded with another sector, used only to
feed a frequency shifting repeater, covering a village or
other area 20km away from the BTS.
An effective alternative when no transmission point is
available at the new area to be covered but additional
capacity is required
The frequency shifting repeater is used to move capacity
from the base station site to the new location.

Fiber Optical Repeater with micro-
cell

Solution to provide coverage to
underground sub-ways, a mix of micro-cell
and fiber optical repeater will enable an
operator to provide full coverage to the
underground subway network.
With the fiber optical repeaters, consisting
of a master and a remote unit, signal is
tapped from the micro-cell, where the
master unit will convert to an optical signal
for transport down the fiber cable to the
remote unit; in turn the remote unit will re-
convert the optical signal back to RF signal
and boost the signal.