Function of liver

Metabolic
Storage
Synthetic
Bile secretion
Excretory
Heat production
Heamopoitic
Heamolytic
De-toxification
Defensive
Properties of Bile:-
Volume : 800-1500 ml / day

Reaction : alkaline with pH of 8 -8.6

Specific gravity : 1.010 1.011
Composition of Bile:-
Bile contains :
1. 97.6% water

2. 2.4 % solids
Bile
Solids
Organic
substances
Inorganic
substances
Water
Organic substances Inorganic substances

1. Bile salts ( sodium
taurocholate & sodium
glycocholate)

2. Bile pigments (bilirubin &
biliverdin)

3. Cholesterol

4. Fatty acids

5. Lecithin

6. Mucin

1. Sodium

2. Calcium

3. Potassium

4. Bicarbonate

5. Chloride


Liver bile Gall bladder bile
pH 8-8.6 7-7.6
Specific gravity 1.010-1.011 1.026-1.032
Water content 97.6% 92%
Solids 2.4 % 11 %
Liver bile Gall bladder bile
Bile salts 0.5 -1.1 g/dl 6 g/dl
Bile pigments 0.04-0.05 g/dl 0.3 g/dl
Cholesterol 0.1 g/dl 0.5 g/dl (0.3-0.9)
Fatty acids 0.12-0.2 g/dl 0.3-1.2 g/dl
Lecithin 0.04-0.05 g/dl 0.3-0.4 g/dl
Mucin Absent Present
Sodium 145.04-150 mEq/L 130-135 mEq/L
Calcium 4 -5mEq/L 22-23 mEq/L
Potassium 5 mEq/L 12 mEq/L
Chloride 100 mEq/L 10-25 mEq/L
Bicarbonate 28-30 mEq/L 10mEq/L
Emptying of gall bladder :-
BILE SALTS :-
Bile salts are the sodium & potassium salts of
bile acids conjugated with gycine and taurine.

There are 4 bile acids

1. Cholic acid

2. Chenodeoxycholic acid

3. Deoxycholic acid

4. Lithocholic acid

Bile salts formation :-
Function of bile salts:-
Emulsification of fats

Absorption of fats

Choleretic action

Cholagogue action

Laxative action

Prevention of gallstone formation


Van den Bergh reaction:-
This test helps in detection of bile pigment in
blood serum.

There are 2 types of reaction

a) Direct

b) Biphasic

c) Indirect
2 solutions are used

Solution I
0.1gm sulphanilic acid +1.5 ml conc HCL +
100ml distilled water.

Solution II
0.5gm sodium nitrate + 100ml water.

25ml Solution I + 75ml Solution II Diazo reagent.

1ml serum + 1ml Diazo reagent



a) Direct reactions b) Biphasic reaction

c) Indirect reaction


1.Immediate or prompt :

A bluish violet colour
appears immediately
within 10-30 sec.

2. Delayed :

Reddish colour
appears which gradually
becomes violet . It takes
about 5-15 min or half an
hour.

in obstructive jaundice.

A reddish colour
appears immediately and
after a long time
becomes violet.

in hepatic jaundice



A reddish colour
appears immediately.

{1ml serum + 2ml 95%
alcohol, shaken &
centrifuged, 1ml
supernatant fluid + o.25
ml Diazo reagent}


in hemolytic jaundice