PRESENTATION

BJT [ Bi-Polar Junction Transistor ]

Assigned By : Sir Shahid

Present By : Atif Tahir( CSEC XS-138 )
Fahad Khan ( CSEC XS12- )
Mahtab Hassan ( CSEC XS12- )
Sohaib Chota Bheem ( CSEC XS12- )


1. TYPES
2. RELATIONSHIP EQUATION
3. DC BETA AND DC ALPHA
4. EXAMPLE
5. CURVE
6. MODES OF OPERATION
7. COMMON BASE

PRESENTATION LAYOUT
The BJT Bipolar Junction Transistor
The Two Types of BJT Transistors:
npn pnp
n p n E
B
C p n p E
B
C
Cross Section Cross Section
B
C
E
Schematic
Symbol
B
C
E
Schematic
Symbol
Collector doping is usually ~ 10
6
Base doping is slightly higher ~ 10
7
10
8
Emitter doping is much higher ~ 10
15
BJT Relationships - Equations
B
C
E
I
E
I
C
I
B
-
+
V
BE
V
BC
+
-
+ - V
CE
B
C
E
I
E
I
C
I
B
-
+
V
EB
V
CB
+
-
+ - V
EC
npn
I
E
= I
B
+ I
C
V
CE
= -V
BC
+ V
BE
pnp
I
E
= I
B
+ I
C
V
EC
= V
EB
- V
CB
Note: The equations seen above are for the
transistor, not the circuit.
DC and DC
= Common-emitter current gain
= Common-base current gain
= I
C
= I
C
I
B
I
E

The relationships between the two parameters are:
= =
+ 1 1 -

Note: and are sometimes referred to as
dc
and
dc

because the relationships being dealt with in the BJT
are DC.
BJT Example
Using Common-Base NPN Circuit Configuration
Given: I
B
= 50 A , I
C
= 1 mA
Find: I
E
, , and

Solution:
I
E
= I
B
+ I
C
= 0.05 mA + 1 mA = 1.05 mA
= I
C
/ I
B
= 1 mA / 0.05 mA = 20
= I
C
/ I
E
= 1 mA / 1.05 mA = 0.95238
could also be calculated using the value of
with the formula from the previous slide.
= = 20 = 0.95238
+ 1 21
I
C
I
E
E

C

+
_
+
_
I
B
V
CB
V
BE
B

BJT Transconductance Curve
Typical NPN Transistor
1

V
BE
I
C
2 mA
4 mA
6 mA
8 mA
0.7 V
Collector Current:
I
C
= I
ES
e
V
BE
/
V
T

Transconductance:
(slope of the curve)
g
m
= I
C
/ V
BE

I
ES
= The reverse saturation current
of the B-E Junction.
V
T
= kT/q = 26 mV (@ T=300K)
= the emission coefficient and is
usually ~1

Modes of Operation
Most important mode of operation
Central to amplifier operation
The region where current curves are practically flat
Active:
Saturation:
Barrier potential of the junctions cancel each other out
causing a virtual short
Cutoff:
Current reduced to zero
Ideal transistor behaves like an open switch
* Note: There is also a mode of operation called inverse active,
but it is rarely used.
COMMON-BASE
Circuit Diagram: NPN Transistor
+

_

+

_

I
C
I
E
I
B
V
CB
V
BE
E

C

B

V
CE
V
BE
V
CB
Region of
Operation
I
C
V
CE
V
BE
V
CB
C-B
Bias
E-B
Bias
Active I
B
=V
BE
+V
CE
~0.7V 0V Rev. Fwd.
Saturation Max ~0V ~0.7V -0.7V<V
CE
<0 Fwd. Fwd.
Cutoff ~0 =V
BE
+V
CE
0V 0V Rev.
None
/Rev.
The Table Below lists assumptions
that can be made for the attributes
of the common-base biased circuit
in the different regions of
operation. Given for a Silicon NPN
transistor.
SOURCES
Dailey, Denton. Electronic Devices and Circuits, Discrete and Integrated.
Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 2001. (pp 84-153)
Neamen, Donald. Semiconductor Physics & Devices. Basic Principles.
McGraw-Hill, Boston: 1997. (pp 351-409)