Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Sub division

CHILD HEALTH DEPT. SARDJITO HOSPITAL/

GADJAH MADA UNIVERSITY
Infancy is a critical period of
growth and development

High growth the infants
high need for variety
nutrients and calories

An insufficient intake of
nutrients can stunt child's
growth and mental
development





In developing countries / in the world
Nutrition problem still persist
Macronutrient and micronutrient
deficiency still high
146 million children under the age of 5
are underweight
60 million children under 5 are wasted
Double burden : malnutrition and
obesity caused by unbalanced nutrition


Initial six months Infants do
not need any form of external
feeding (only breast milk)

Breast milk has a variety of
bioactive substances for
development of infants brain,
immune and guts

It is a nutritive fluid with
immunologic and growth
promoting properties


Post six months solid food diet
The first two years are the most vital for the
development of the brain
Decrease in the nutrition stunt their mental
and physical growth leading to slower fine
motor developments, slower motor
development and low IQ


Damayanti Rusli Sjarif 2013
GOLDEN PERIOD
Requirements for macronutrients and
micronutrients are higher during infancy and
childhood

These needs are influenced by the rapid cell
division occurring during growth, which requires
protein, energy, and nutrients involved in DNA
synthesis and metabolism of protein, calories,
and fat.
Food & drinks
The right types
The right amounts
average physical
activity
Nutrition & energy
maintaining
body cells, tissues,
& organs


normal growth & development

MACRONUTRIENT
maintain body weight


Functioning of cell,
maintaining immunity,
repairing wear and tear in the
organs.


functioning of cell, maintaining immunity and repairing wear and tear in the organs. functioning of cell, maintaining immunity and repairing wear and tear in the organs. functioning of cell, maintaining immunity and repairing wear and tear in the organs.










Unbalanced Diet
Nutrient
Deficiency
Nutrient
Excess

Problem with maintenance of :
Body tissues
Brain and nervous system
function
Growth and development
bone and muscle systems

Malnutrition
obesity


The most critical micronutrient deficiency
in developing countries:
Vitamin A
Zinc
Iodine
Iron
Folate

Horton S, Alderman H Rivera JA: Challenge Paper Hunger and
malnutrition. Copenhagen Consensus 2008
COGNITIVE DISORDER
BEHAVIOUR DISORDER
IMMUNITY DISORDER
Prevalensi Obesity (School age 6-12 years)
Jakarta : 21 %
Semarang : 12.1%
Jogyakarta : 10%
Manado : 5.3%
West Sumatera : 2,5-25,6%
(Sjarif DR et al, 2005)

Organ

Psikologis
Ekonomi
Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada 99 anak obesitas
(Rotteveel et al., 2007)
Sindrom metabolik %
Kadar glukosa
abnormal
60,6
Hiperinsulinemia 60,6
Glukosa puasa 57,4
Intoleransi glukosa 5,3
Dislipidemia 20,2
Kolesterol 6
Trigliserida 14,9
LDL 6,4
Hipertensi 30,9
Optimal nutrition should be given during infancy
period to achieve good quality of growth and
development
Daily well-balanced diets should include foods
containing essential nutrients and meeting energy
requirements
Promoting healthy nutrition is very important to
prevent malnutrition and obesity in later