The movement of rolling stock on the track is

possible only with the help of wheels. The

complete wheel set is shown in the figure with
the assembly components.
PAIRING OF WHEELS
At the time of wheel changing the pairing to be
done where Diameter of wheel is the criteria.
So when wheel change of any Rolling Stock
under taken then, the measurement of wheel
(except the defective one) to be taken and wheel
set to be satisfy the following conditions.
In same Trolley Between the Trolleys
5 mm 13mm
New wheel Diameter. Condemning Diameter
915 mm 813 mm
Wheel Diameter
The following defects developed on the wheel
during its run.
Sharp Flange
Radius too small (RTS) at the root of the flange
Thin flange
Deep flange
Hollow tyre
Flat place on tyre
Wheel gauge slack/tight
Wheel cracks
Wheel diameter reaches below condemning limit
Tyre profile is checked by TYRE DEFECT
GAUGE.
Sharp Flange Flat Place
Radius too Small
Deep Flange
Hollow Tyre
Thin Flange
SHARP FLANGE
When the flange tip radius reached to less than 5mm,
its forms a fine sharp edge and the flange is called
sharp flange. Due to this the wheel set can take two
roads at slightly gapping point.

RADIUS TOO SMALL AT THE ROOT OF FLANGE
When radius at root of the flange becomes less than
13mm, it is called radius to small.

THIN FLANGE
When thickness of the flange reduced to 16mm, the
flange is called thin flange. But for higher speed
coaches (run on 110 KMPH or more ) the allowable
flange thickness is 22mm.
DEEP FLANGE
Due to excessive wear on tread, the height of the flange
increases and the flange is called Deep flange. When
the depth of the flange measured from the top of the
flange to a point on the tread (63.5mm away from the
back of BG wheel) becomes more than 35mm it is call
deep flange.

HOLLOW TYRE
When excessive wear takes place on the tread of the
tyre, the projection of the outer edge of the wheel tread
below the hallow of the tyre exceeds 5mm, the worn
tread is called hollow tyre.

FLAT PLACE
Due to wheel skidding or brake binding the tread of the
wheel becomes flat called Flat place on tyre.
The maximum permissible value of flatness on a BG
wheel is Coaching stock-50mm.
RADIUS TOO SMALL (R.T.S)
Worn Profile
New Profile
DEEP FLANGE & HALLOW TYRE
New Profile
Hollow Tyre more
than 5mm
Worn Profile
THIN FLANGE
Worn Profile
New Profile
13mm
New Profile
Worn Profile
SHARP FLANGE
Flat Place

FLAT PLACE
EXCESSIVELY WORN OUT & DEEP FLANGE FLATE SURFACE
EXCESSIVELY DEPTH - 35mm
THIN FLANGE
SHARP FLANGE
ROOT RADIUS TOO SMALL DEPTH OF FLANGE
WHEEL GAUGE SLACK/TIGHT
Wheel gauge Standard -1600mm
Minimum - 1599mm
Maximum - 1602mm
Wheel should be gauged after the same
being taken out from the trolley (i.e. in no
load condition)



In addition to normal checks exercised on wheel
condition during primary / secondary
maintenance of coach a detailed inspection of
wheels should be done for the following defects.
Shattered Rim Fracture on the tread or flange.
Spread Rim- Spreading the rim on front face.
Shelled tread- Shelling, break out piece of metal,
fine thermal cracks.
Thermal cracks- Decoloration or blue-black
heating mark, crack on tread in a transverse or
radial direction.
Heat checks- Dense cracks on tread or heating
& cooling cycle.

WORN WHEEL PROFILE
To increase the life of the wheel sets by reducing least
possible materials at the time of turning, a new profile
instead of IRS profile has been inducted call WORN
WHEEL PROFILE
There are three intermediate sizes of WWP.

Stage I Flange thickness 25mm, Flange tip radius-
11.5mm, Root radius 14mm

Stage-II Flange thickness -22mm, Flange tip radius-
10mm , Root radius-14mm

Stage-III Flange thickness -20mm, Flange tip radius-
9mm , Root radius-14mm
N.B: Wheel of Stage-I will be fitted to high speed coach at
the of wheel changing .

Intermediate WWP Stage III for High Speed
Coaches
AXLE BOX ASSEMBLY

In passenger coaches of Indian Railway
system, only single bearing type axle box
arrangement is used. The inner ring of the
bearing is provided with either a cylindrical
bore (Direct Mounted type) or with a taper
bore and withdrawal sleeve (Sleeve
Mounted type). All new passenger
coaches built by Indian Railways, use only
direct mounted type spherical roller
bearings.
ROLLER BEARINGS
Spherical roller bearing consist of an outer
ring having a continuous spherical
raceway within which operate, two rows of
barrel shaped rollers, which in turn are
guided by an inner ring with two raceways
separated by a centre rib. The spherical
roller bearings have self-aligning
properties and therefore can automatically
adjust to any deviation in the centre line of
the axle.