5EC COMMUNICATION LAB-I Incharge:-Mr. Ritesh Saraswat T.A.:- Pankaj Parul
LIST OF EXPERIMENT First Rotor 1. Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated waveform. 2.Observe the amplitude modulated waveform & measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM signal. 3. Generation and demodulation of DSB-SC signal. 4. Modulate a signal with high frequency carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM signal. 5. To observe the following in a transmission line demonstration kit: (a)The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission line. (b) The effect of lose in transmission line
Second Rotor (c) transmission with standing waves on a transmission line (d) the resonance characteristic of a half wave length long X-mission line 6. (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample & hold circuit. (b) To study the effect of sampling time. (c) To study the effect of changing the sampling frequency & observing aliasing phenomena. 7. To study and observe the operation of a super heterodyne receiver. 8. To study and observe the amplitude response of automatic gain controller(AGC). 9,10. PAM,PWM &PPM: modulation and demodulation.
Way Of Report Writing Object/Aim Required Material Circuit/Block Diagram Theory Description Procedure Observation Calculation & Error Graph Result Precautions
Pre-Lab 1 What is the meaning of spectrum analyser and harmonic analyser?
How we can remove harmonic from frequency Spectrum?
Compare harmonic analyser & spectrum analyser of a square waveform of a modulated signal waveform?
Experiment:-1 Object:- Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated waveform. Apparatus Required:- 1 BNC Probe 1 Function Generator 1 Spectrum Analyzer Qty. Name Theory:-About Spectrum Analyzer, frequency Measurement & Video filtering
Procedure:- Circuit Diagram:-
Observations:-Input frequency (MHz), scan width (MHz/Div) & Attenuation (db)
Graph:-
Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 2 Define modulation index & derive its expression & draw the waveform in case of over modulation and under modulation?
Draw the AM waveform & derive the expression of power & AM signal waveform?
Explain various types of AM signal? Experiment-2 Object:- Observe the amplitude modulated waveform & measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM signal.
Apparatus Required:-
2 DSO Probe 1 DSO 6 Connecting Leads 1 AM Receiver kit 1 AM Transmission kit Qty. Name Theory:- About- Amplitude modulation, AM Transmitter & Receiver.
Procedure:- According to manual
Circuit/Block Diagram :-
Audio Oscillator Carrier Wave Generator Modulator Out Put Amplifier Antenna Information signal Carrier Wave AM Transmission System RF Amplifier Mixer Local Oscillator IF Amplifier Diode Detector Audio Amplifier Antenna
AM Receiver System O/P Signal Observations:- For Base Band Signal - I/p audio frquency,voltage (p-p) For Modulated Signal - V max ,V min & Frequency For Demodulated Signal-Frequency & Voltage
Graph:-
Amplitude modulation model graph Amplitude Demodulation Waveform Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 3 Compare DSB-SC with DSB-FC and SSB-FC?
Draw the DSB-SC waveform: case(1) m<1 case(2) m>1
Explain the demodulation process of DSB-SC signal?
Experiment:-3 Object:- Generation and demodulation of DSB-SC signal. Apparatus Required:- 2 DSO Probe 1 DSO 6 Connecting Leads 1 AM Receiver kit 1 AM Transmission kit Qty. Name Theory:- About- Amplitude modulation ,DSB- SC,SSB-SC signal, AM Transmitter & Receiver.
Procedure:- According to manual
Circuit/Block Diagram :-
Audio Oscillator Carrier Wave Generator Modulator Out Put Amplifier Antenna Information signal Carrier Wave AM Transmission System RF Amplifier Mixer Local Oscillator IF Amplifier Diode Detector Audio Amplifier Antenna
AM Receiver System O/P Signal Graph:- Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 4 What is the difference b/w AM and FM?
Explain any one generation method of FM signal?
Compare frequency modulation with phase modulated signal?
Experiment:-4 Object:- Modulate a signal with high frequency carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM signal.
Apparatus Required:- 7 Connecting Leads 2 DSO Probe 1 DSO 1 FM Transmission & Receiver kit Qty. Name Theory:- About Frequency Modulation & Demodulation
Procedure:- As per manual Circuit/Block Diagram:-
Audio Oscillator Carrier Generator FM Modulator O/p Amplifier Antenna Information signal
Carrier Wave
FM Transmission System RF Amplifier Mixer IF Amplifier Demodulat or Amplifier Speaker FM Receiver System Antenna Local Oscillator Observation:- For Base Band Signal - I/p audio frequency & voltage (p-p) For Modulated Signal - voltage & Frequency For Demodulated Signal-Frequency & Voltage
Graph:-
Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 5 Explain the following term: (1) standing wave ratio (2) reflection coefficient
Explain diff. Type of loses in transmission line?
Derive the expression of characteristic impedance of zo of transmission line?
Experiment:-5 Object:- To observe the following in a transmission line demonstration kit: (a)The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission line. (b) The effect of lose in transmission line (c) transmission with standing waves on a transmission line (d) the resonance characteristic of a half wave length long X- mission line
Apparatus Required:- 1 BNC to BNC 2 DSO Probe 1 Multimeter 8 Connecting leads 1 DSO 1 Transmission Line Trainer Qty. Name Experiment:-5 Theory:- About Transmission Line & Different types of losses in it Procedure:- Circuit Diagram:- Observations:-
Graph:- Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 6 Explain sampling theorem with suitable diagram and expression of Nyquist rate?
What is the meaning of aliasing and how we can remove it?
Explain the operation of sample and hold ckt ?
Experiment:-6 Object:- (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample & hold circuit. (b) To study the effect of sampling time. (c) To study the effect of changing the sampling frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.
Apparatus Required:- 5 Connecting leads 2 DSO Probe 1 DSO 1 Sampling trainer kit Qty. Name Theory:- about sampling theorem Procedure:- Circuit Diagram:- Observations:- Voltage & frequency
Graph:- Result:- Precautions:-
Pre-lab 7 Draw the block diagram of Super Heterodyne Receiver and explain its each block?
Compare SHR with TRF receiver?
Explain the following: (1) Sensitivity (2) Selectivity (3) IF
Experiment:-7 Object:- To study and observe the operation of a super heterodyne receiver.