CC605

REINFORCED CONCRETE
DESIGN
UNIT 1 DESIGN CONCEPT


PN. SITI NORAISWANI BINTI ISMAIL



COURSE CONTENT
1.1 Understand the introduction to design
1.1.1 Define the reinforced concrete design.
1.1.2 Interpret the design purposes.
1.1.3 Label the structural elements.
1.1.4 Describe the characteristics of creep.
1.1.5 State the influences that affect the concrete durability.
1.1.6 Explain the specification of materials.

1.2 Learn the principles of limit state design
1.2.1 Explain the principles and give an example of ultimate limit state
(ULS), serviceability limit state (SLS) and other limit state.
1.2.2 Analyse the characteristic material strength, actions and partial factor
of safety for material and action.

1.3 Realize the mode of failure in section during loading
1.3.1 Recognize the mode of failure at condition:
a) under reinforced design
b) in balance reinforced design
c) over reinforced design
INTRODUCTION

This topic covers the design principles of action factor, design
philosophy and limit state design of an engineering structure.
OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this chapter, students should be able to:
i. Understand the introduction to design
ii. Learn the principles of limit state design
iii. Realize the mode of failure in section during loading


1.1 Reinforced Concrete


is one of the principal materials use in many civil engineering
application such as the construction of buildings, retaining
walls, foundations, water-retaining structures, highways and
bridges.
it is a composite material, consisting of steel reinforcing bars
embedded in concrete.
concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile
strength.
Steel bars can resist high tensile stresses but will buckle
when subjected to comparatively low compressive stresses.


Figure 1.1 Composite action of concrete and steel
1.2 Structural design

is a process of determination of reliable
structural system, selection of suitable
materials and determination of optimum
member sizes for the structure to be built.

the aim to ensure that the structure will perform
satisfactorily during its design life.


Maintainability
Economy
Safety and reliability
Fitness for purpose
The criteria which the structure should satisfy may be summarized
as follows:
Planning
Phase
Carried out by the architect to determine the arrangement
& layout of the building to meets the clients requirements
Design
Phase
Worked out by various consultants.
The tasks involved are: selection of the structural system,
estimation of loading, analysis, design of section &
reinforcement, detail drawing.
Construction
Phase
The plans and design conceived on paper get translated
into reality
1.3 Project Procedure
CLIENT/ PROJECT MANAGER
ARCHITECT
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
QUANTITY
SURVEYOR
CONTRACTOR
Figure 1.2 Design process
i. Idealization of structure
into frames and elements
ii. Estimation of loads
iii. Analysis to determine the
moments and forces
iv. Design of elements
v. Production of detail
drawings and bar schedules
Design steps:
1.4 Reinforced concrete structures
consist of a series of individual members that interact to
support the loads placed on the structure.
1.5 Code of practice
Is a document that gives recommendation for the design
and construction of structures.
It contains detailed requirements regarding loads, stresses,
strengths, design formulas and methods of achieving the
required performance of completed structure.


EN 1990: Eurocode Basis of structural design
EN 1991: Eurocode 1 Actions on structures
EN 1992: Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures
1.7 Limit state design

A limit state can be defined as the state of a structure which
represents the acceptable limit of an aspect of structural
behaviour.
The TWO principle types of limit state are the ultimate limit
state and the serviceability limit state.

Ultimate Limit State (ULS)
- deals with the strength and stability of the structure under the
maximum design load it is expected to carry. This implies that no
part or whole of the structure should collapse, overturn or buckle
under any combination of design load.


Serviceability Limit State (SLS)
- deals with the conditions beyond which specified service
requirements are no longer met such as excessive deflection
and cracking.

1.9 Actions

Action is the EC2 terminology for loads and imposed
deformations
EC2 defines an action as a force or load applied to a structure.

Characteristic Permanent Action, Gk
- Is the self-weight of the structure, weight of finishes, ceilings and
services.
- Examples of weight of materials.
(Source: Table A1-A5: MS EN 1991-1-1)
Characteristic Variable Action, Qk
- Is cause by people, furniture, equipment etc.
(Source: Table 6.2: MS EN 1991-1-1)