1 1

By
Sharjeel Ahmed
(M.Ed Weekend Program, 1
st
Semester) (14-09-14)

(Course: Research in Education) (Instructor: Dr. Hameed-ur-Rehman)
HAMDARD INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES
HAMDARD UNIVERSITY
2 2
Survey can be defined as:

information which is collected from a group of
people in order to describe some aspects or
characteristics of the population of which that
group is a part

3

Survey research is often used to assess thoughts,
opinions, and feelings.

Survey research can be specific and limited, or it
can have more global, widespread goals.
3
4

Cross-sectional Survey



Longitudinal Survey
4
5

A cross-sectional survey collects information from
a sample that has been drawn from a
predetermined population. Furthermore, the
information is collected at just one point in time,
although the time it takes to collect all of the data
may take anywhere from a day to a few weeks or
more.

5
6

In a longitudinal survey, on the other hand,
information is collected at different points in time
in order to study changes over time.
6
7
Trend Study
In a trend study, different samples from a population whose
members may change are surveyed at different points in time.

Cohort Study
A cohort study samples a particular population whose members do
not change over the course of the survey.

Panel Study
In a panel study, the researcher surveys the same sample of
individuals at different times during the course of the survey.
7
8

Mail Surveys


Personal Interviews


Telephone Interviews


Internet Surveys
8
9

Questionnaires are the most commonly used tool in
survey research.

However, the results of a particular survey are worthless
if the questionnaire is written inadequately.

Questionnaires should produce valid and reliable
demographic variable measures and should yield valid
and reliable individual disparities that self-report scales
generate.

9
10
STEPS
Six steps can be employed to construct a questionnaire that will
produce reliable and valid results.

Step 1. One must decide what kind of information should be
collected.
Step 2. One must decide how to conduct the questionnaire.
Step 3. One must construct a first draft of the questionnaire.
Step 4. The questionnaire should be revised.
Step 5. The questionnaire should be pretested.
Step 6. The questionnaire should be edited and the procedures for
its use should be specified.





10
11


PRECAUTIONS

Wording of questions

Types of questions

Ordering of questions


11
12

Reported behavior versus actual behavior
The value of collected data completely depends upon how truthful
respondents are in their answers on questionnaires.

Social desirability
Because respondents are aware that their responses are being
recorded and analyzed, sometimes they feel pressure to respond to
questions in a certain way. This is called social desirability, where
participants answer questions according to their beliefs of what
attitudes are socially the most acceptable to uphold.
12
13

It is the only way to probe opinion of a very large group.

It is a very flexible tool for many fields namely medical,
educational, political, and business.

It facilitates hypothesis testing.

It encourages standardization and systematic
comparison.

13
14

It is the only way to probe opinion of a very large group.

It is a very flexible tool for many fields namely medical,
educational, political, and business.

It facilitates hypothesis testing.

It encourages standardization and systematic
comparison.

14
15
Durell, D. L., Pujol, T. J., & Barnes, J. T. (2003). A survey of the scientific
data and training methods utilized by collegiate strength and
conditioning coaches. J Strength Cond Res, 17(2), 368-373.

Schick MG, Brown LE, Coburn JW, Beam WC, Schick EE, Dabbs NC.
Physiological profile of mixed martial artists. Medicina Sportiva.
14(4):182-187, 2010.

The status of state history instruction

Dimensions of effective school leadership: The teachers perspective

Teacher perceptions of discipline problems in a central Virginia middle
school.

Grading problems: A matter of communication

16

How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, Jack R. Fraenkel &
Norman E. Wallen

http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/survey.php

http://www.uky.edu/~kdbrad2/EDP656/Notes/PowerPoint/Chapter9.ppt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_research


17