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Living things must be capable of
transporting nutrients, wastes and gases to
and from cells.
Single-celled organisms use their cell
surface as a point of exchange with the
outside environment.
Multicellular organisms have developed
transport and circulatory systems to deliver
oxygen and food to cells and remove carbon
dioxide and metabolic wastes
Multicellular animals do not have most
of their cells in contact with the external
environment and so have developed
circulatory systems to transport
nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
metabolic wastes. Components of the
circulatory system include
blood: a connective tissue of liquid
plasma and cells

heart: a muscular pump to move the
blood
blood vessels: arteries, capillaries and
veins that deliver blood to all tissues


The vertebrate cardiovascular system includes a heart,
which is a muscular pump that contracts to propel blood out to
the body through arteries, and a series of blood vessels.
The upper chamber of the heart, the atrium
is where the blood enters the heart.
Passing through a valve, blood enters the lower chamber,
the ventricle. Contraction of the ventricle forces blood
from the heart through an artery.
The heart muscle is composed of cardiac muscle cells.
Artery
Arteries are blood vessels that carry
blood away from heart.
Arterial walls are able to expand and
contract.
Arteries have three layers of thick walls.
Smooth muscle fibers contract, another
layer of connective tissue is quite elastic,
allowing the arteries to carry blood under
high pressure.
1. It is a tough and elastic vessels
2. Pressure vessels are stronger than the veins
3. Place the blood flow that is pumped from the chamber
4. Having a valve (valvula semilunaris) located just outside the heart
5. Consisting of:
1. The aorta is to the vessels of the left ventricle throughout the body
2. arterioles of branching arteries
3. Capillary:
1. Smaller diameter than the arteries and veins
2. The walls consist of a single layer of endothelium and a basement membrane
6. The walls consist of 3 layers, namely:
1. inner layer consisting of endothelium
2. The middle layer consists of smooth muscle with elastic fibers
3. The outermost layer consists of elastic connective tissue fibers
1. Situated near the surface of the skin so easily recognizable
2. Vessel walls are thinner and not elastic.
3. Pressure vessels are weaker in comparison arteries
4. There is a valve which is shaped like a crescent moon (valvula
semi lunaris) and keep the blood for no U-turn.
5. Consists of:
Superior vena cava in charge of carrying blood from the upper
body toward the right atrium of the heart.
Inferior vena cava in charge of carrying blood from the lower
body into the right atrium of the heart.
Vena cava in charge of bringing the pulmonary blood from the
lungs into the foyer to the left heart.

Human Circulatory System
Circulatory kinds

Human blood circulation is a closed circulation because
the blood that flowed from and to the whole body through
blood vessels and blood flow through the heart as much as
two times the so-called dual circulation consisting of:

1. Circulatory Long / large / systemic
2. Circulatory short / small / pulmonary

Abnormalities of the
Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis is hardening of the arteries due to fatty deposits form plaque
(scale) of fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle cells in infiltration by
lipid (fat)
Anemia is low levels of hemoglobin in the blood or a reduced number of
erythrocytes in blood
Varicose veins are blood vessel dilation in the calf
Hemeroid (pile) dilation of blood vessels around the anus