J Kurniarobbi

Nani Cahyani Sudarsono

J Kurniarobbi
Nani Cahyani Sudarsono

the social and economic environment,
the physical environment, and
the persons individual characteristics
and behaviours.

WHO: http://www.who.int/
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WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for Health
WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Elevated consumption of
energy-dense, nutrient-
poor foods that are high
in fat, sugar and salt
WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for Health
WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Reduced levels of physical activity at home, at school, at work
and for recreation and transport
Elevated consumption of energy-dense,
nutrient-poor foods that are high in fat,
sugar and salt
Reduced levels of physical activity at
home, at school, at work and for
recreation and transport
Uncontrolled stress
Use of tobacco
Pollution/dangerous substances
exposure

WHO. 2002. Common Risk Factor, Move for Health
WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
Laporan RISKESDAS 2007
Penurunan proporsi penyakit menular sebagai
penyebab dasar kematian tahun 2001-2007 tidak
terlalu besar dibandingkan dengan periode
sebelumnya (1995-2001). Di lain pihak,
peningkatan proporsi penyakit tidak menular
selama periode tahun 1995- 2001 dan periode
tahun 2001-2007 hampir sama.
Dengan demikian Pemerintah khususnya
Departemen Kesehatan dan Dinas Kesehatan
menghadapi beban ganda, yaitu ancaman
penyakit menular yang penurunannya
melambat dan cenderung menetap, serta
peningkatan penyakit tidak menular yang
melaju cukup cepat.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Desember 2008
Kriteria
aktivitas fisik "aktif: individu yang melakukan aktivitas
fisik berat atau sedang atau keduanya
aktivitas fisik 'kurang aktif: individu yang tidak melakukan
aktivitas fisik sedang ataupun berat
perilaku sedentari : perilaku santai antara lain duduk,
berbaring, dan lain sebagainya dalam sehari-hari baik di
tempat kerja (kerja di depan komputer, membaca, dll), di
rumah (nonton TV, main game, dll), di perjalanan
/transportasi (bis, kereta, motor), tetapi tidak termasuk
waktu tidur
Laporan RISKESDAS 2013
Aktivitas fisik berat
secara terus menerus melakukan kegiatan fisik minimal 10 menit
sampai meningkatnya denyut nadi dan napas lebih cepat dari
biasanya (misalnya menimba air, mendaki gunung, lari cepat,
menebang pohon, mencangkul, dll) selama minimal tiga hari dalam
satu minggu dan total waktu beraktivitas =1500 MET minute.
Aktivitas fisik sedang
melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang (menyapu, mengepel, dll) minimal
lima hari atau lebih dengan total lamanya beraktivitas 150 menit
dalam satu minggu.
Aktivitas fisik ringan
Selain dari dua kondisi tersebut termasuk dalam aktivitas fisik
ringan

(referensi: WHO GPAQ, 2012; WHO STEPS, 2012)
Laporan RISKESDAS 2013
The Metabolic Equivalent of Task
Unit used to estimate the metabolic
cost of physical activity
A metabolic rate consuming 3.5
milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of
body weight per minute
The value of 1 MET is approximately
equal to a persons resting energy
expenditure
Code Specific activities MET
07010 light lying quietly and watching television 1.0
21005 sitting, light office work, in general ?

05025
05026
05027
home activities multiple household tasks all at once,
light effort
moderate effort
vigorous effort
?

21040
21045
21050
walking,
less than 2.0 mph, very slow
3.0 mph, moderate speed, not carrying anything
3.5 mph, brisk speed, not carrying anything
?
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities
Code Specific activities MET
12010 running jog/walk combination (jogging < 10 minutes) ?
12030 running, 5 mph (12 min/mile)
8 km per hour (7 min/km)
?
03020
03021
aerobic, low impact
aerobic, high impact
?
15660 table tennis, ping pong ?
15055 basketball, general ?
15610 soccer, casual, general ?
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities

"If we could give every individual the
right amount of nourishment and
exercise, not too little and not too much,
we would have found the safest way to
health.

Hippocrates (460-377 BC)
octopedia.blogspot.com

10 perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di rumah tangga
Pusat Promosi Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI

10 perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di rumah tangga
Pusat Promosi Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI
Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia 2012
to advice a patient about healthy
active living
kemampuan lulusan dokter
mengkomunikasikan cara hidup aktif
(kemampuan tingkat 4)
konsep, teori, prinsip maupun indikasi,
cara melakukan, komplikasi, dan
sebagainya

Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia 2012
Physical Activities (Aktivitas Fisik)
Human activities in life which involve muscles and certain
amount of energy expenditure
Exercise (Latihan Fisik):
Structured physical activity characterized by specific
movement performed for health and/or amusement
purposes
Sports:
Physical activity characterized by the element of
play/game and involve competition with oneself, others or
natural element

Beyer E. 1992. Dictionary of Sports.
Helping youth be active is fun for the
whole family and friends
offer encouragement
some things can be done together
encourage and support physical activity in the community
In todays world, physical activity has
to be built into busy schedules.

Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
Public Health Agency of Canada
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
Canadian Paediatric Society
The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology 2002
5 11 years children 12 17 years children
Primary
Reduction of risk
factors before
occurrence of
disease, condition, or
injury
Secondary
Early detection of
the potential for the
development of
disease or condition,
or the existence of a
disease while
asymptomatic
Tertiary
Treatment of an
existing symptomatic
disease process to
ameliorate its effects,
or delay or prevent its
progress
Awal DM
Komplikas i
Kecacatan
Faktor lingkungan
( misal : gizi , gemuk ,
kurang gerak )
Genetik :
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Hiperglikemi
Hipertensi
Retinopati
Nefropati
Aterosklerosis
Neuropati
Kebutaan
Gagal ginjal
PJK
Amputasi
Perjalanan penyakit DM tipe 2
Resistensi insulin
Hiperinsulinemia
TGT*
* = Toleransi Glukosa Terganggu WHO Tech Report Series 1994
Slide: courtesy of Prof DR Dr Pradana Soewondo, SpPD-KEMD
The Importance of treating Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease
Adapted from Type 2 Diabetes BASICS. International Diabetes Center 2000
Diagnosis
Insulin
Glucose
Prediabetes
(IFG/IGT)
NGT Diabetes
Macrovascular changes
Microvascular changes
Inadequate
-cell function
Postprandial glucose
Fasting glucose
Insulin resistance
Insulin secretion
Slide: courtesy of Prof DR Dr Pradana Soewondo, SpPD-KEMD
Role of physical activity and exercise
in disease prevention and rehabilitation
ACSM, Exercise for Chronic Diseases, 2001
Self study online
Health Care Providers Action Guide from Exercise is
Medicine
Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines & Canadian
Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines 2012
SEAL (Sports and Exercise as an
Active Lifestyle) elective on year V
FMUI