Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview of Artificial
Intelligence (1)
Artificial intelligence (AI)
Computers with the ability to mimic or
duplicate the functions of the human brain
Overview of Artificial
Intelligence (2)
Intelligent behaviour
Learn from experience
Apply knowledge acquired from experience
Handle complex situations
Solve problems when important information is missing
Determine what is important
React quickly and correctly to a new situation
Understand visual images
Process and manipulate symbols
Be creative and imaginative
Use heuristics
ITEC 1010
Vision system
Capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
Robotics
Mechanical and computer devices that perform tedious tasks
with high precision
Expert system
Stores knowledge and makes inferences
ITEC 1010
Neural network
Computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning
of the human brain
Schematic
ITEC 1010
Artificial
intelligence
Vision
systems
Learning
systems
Robotics
Expert systems
Neural networks
Natural language
processing
ITEC 1010
ITEC 1010
ITEC 1010
AI history
1943
1950
1950s
1956
1965
1966-1974
1969-1979
1980-1988
1988- 1993
1985- 1995
1988
ITEC 1010
Expert Systems
Definition:
Expert Systems are interactive computer programs
that use knowledge and inference procedures to
solve problems, in a specific domain, that are
sufficiently complex as to require significant
human expertise for their solution.
ITEC 1010
.Expert Systems
Terms:
ITEC 1010
Planning
Design
Decision making
Quality control and monitoring
Diagnosis
ITEC 1010
ITEC 1010
Components of an
Expert System (1)
Knowledge base
Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and
relationships used by the expert system
Inference engine
Seeks information and relationships from the
knowledge base and provides answers, predictions,
and suggestions in the way a human expert would
Rule
A conditional statement that links given conditions to
actions or outcomes
ITEC 1010
Components of an
Expert System (2)
Fuzzy logic
A specialty research area in computer science that
allows shades of gray and does not require everything
to be simply yes/no, or true/false
Backward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions and
works backward to the supporting facts
Forward chaining
A method of reasoning that starts with the facts and
works forward to the conclusions
ITEC 1010
Schematic
ITEC 1010
Explanation
facility
Inference
engine
Knowledge
base
Knowledge
base
acquisition
facility
User
interface
Experts
User
ITEC 1010
Explanation Facility
Explanation facility
A part of the expert system that allows a user
or decision maker to understand how the
expert system arrived at certain conclusions or
results
ITEC 1010
Knowledge
base
Knowledge
acquisition
facility
Joe Expert
ITEC 1010
Identifying experts
Domain
The area of knowledge
addressed by the
expert system.
Implementing results
Knowledge user
The individual or group who uses and benefits from
the expert system
Knowledge engineer
Someone trained or experienced in the design,
development, implementation, and maintenance of an
expert system
Schematic
ITEC 1010
Expert
system
Knowledge engineer
Domain expert
ITEC 1010
Knowledge user
Information and Organizations
Ease of use
high
low
Traditional
programming
languages
Before 1980
ITEC 1010
1980s
Expert system
shells
1990s
ITEC 1010
Develop
from
shell
Development
costs
low
Develop
from
scratch
Use
existing
package
low
high
Time to develop expert system
ITEC 1010
ITEC 1010
ITEC 1010
Credit granting
Information management and retrieval
AI and expert systems embedded in products
Plant layout
Hospitals and medical facilities
Help desks and assistance
Employee performance evaluation
Loan analysis
Virus detection
Repair and maintenance
Shipping
Marketing
Warehouse optimization
Information and Organizations
End of Chapter 11
Chapter 12
ITEC 1010
Expert Systems
KBES VS. CONVENTIONAL PROGRAMMING
Data Manipulation Vs. Knowledge Manipulation
Separation of Knowledge from the processor
Algorithms Vs. Heuristics
ITEC 1010