Matakuliah : I0262 – Statistik Probabilitas

Tahun : 2007
Versi : Revisi

Pertemuan 06
Sebaran Penarikan Contoh

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 Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :
• Mahasiswa akan dapat menghitungdalil
lianit pusat, sebaran X2, t dan F.

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 Outline Materi

• Sebaran nilai tengah contoh

• Dalil limit pusat
• Sebaran Khi-kuadrat
• Sebaran ragam contoh
• Sebaran t, standar
• Sebaran F

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 Sampling and Sampling
Distributions
• Simple Random Sampling
• Point Estimation
• Introduction to Sampling Distributions
• Sampling Distribution of x n = 100

• Sampling Distribution of p
• Properties of Point Estimators
• Other Sampling Methods n = 30

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 Statistical Inference
• The purpose of statistical inference is to obtain
information about a population from information
contained in a sample.
• A population is the set of all the elements of interest.
• A sample is a subset of the population.
• The sample results provide only estimates of the
values of the population characteristics.
• A parameter is a numerical characteristic of a
population.
• With proper sampling methods, the sample results
will provide “good” estimates of the population
characteristics.

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 Simple Random Sampling
• Finite Population
– Replacing each sampled element before selecting
subsequent elements is called sampling with
replacement.
– A simple random sample from a finite population of
size N is a sample selected such that each
possible sample of size n has the same probability
of being selected.
– Sampling without replacement is the procedure
used most often.
– In large sampling projects, computer-generated
random numbers are often used to automate the
sample selection process.
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 Simple Random Sampling
• Infinite Population
– A simple random sample from an infinite
population is a sample selected such that the
following conditions are satisfied.
• Each element selected comes from the same
population.
• Each element is selected independently.
– The population is usually considered infinite if it
involves an ongoing process that makes listing or
counting every element impossible.
– The random number selection procedure cannot
be used for infinite populations.
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 Point Estimation

• In point estimation we use the data from the

sample to compute a value of a sample statistic
that serves xas an estimate of a population
parameter.
• We refer to as the point estimator of the
population mean µ .
p the point estimator of the population
• s is
standard deviation σ .
• is the point estimator of the population
proportion p.

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 x
Sampling Distribution of

• Process of Statistical Inference

Population A simple random sample

with mean of n elements is selected
µ =? from the population.

The value of x is used to The sample data

make inferences about provide a value for
the value of µ . the sample meanx .

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 Sampling Distribution of
x
• The sampling distribution of x is the
probability distribution of all possible
values of the sample
mean .x
• Expected Value of x
E( x ) = µ
where:
µ = the population mean
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 Sampling Distribution of

■ Standard Deviationx ofx

Finite Population Infinite

Population
σ N −n σ
σx = ( ) σx =
n N −1 n

• A finite population is treated as being

infinite if −n1/)N < .05.
( N − n) / ( N
• σx is the finite correction
factor.
• is referred to as the standard error of the
mean.
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 Sampling Distribution of

• If we use a large (n > 30) simple random

sample, the central limit theorem enables us to
conclude that the sampling distribution of x can
be approximated by a normal probability
distribution.

• When the simple random sample is small (n <

30), the sampling distribution of x can be
considered normal only if we assume the
population has a normal probability distribution.

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 Sampling Distribution of

• The sampling distribution of p is the

probability distribution of all possible
values of the sample proportion
E ( p) = p

• Expected Value of p
where:
p = the population proportion
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 Sampling Distribution of
p
• Standard Deviation of p

Finite Population Infinite Population

p (1 − p ) N − n p (1 − p )
σ σp p= σp =
n N −1 n

– is referred to as the standard error of

the proportion.

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• Selamat Belajar Semoga Sukses.

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