Role of permanent magnet motor in electric

vehicle

The temperature is low due to less rotor losses

The ramp up time is shorter which means which means acceleration time is less and
constant power up to maximum speed

The torque produced is much higher than other motors and has higher performance
characteristics

The disadvantage of this type of motor is that it is bulky and expensive to

manufacture due to rare earth magnetic materials used.

General Design steps

Power and energy requirement from the propulsion unit is determined from a given
set of vehicle cruising and acceleration specifications

Vehicular forces include rolling resistance, gravitation, aerodynamic and traction

force

Traction and braking are achieved due to slip ratio on the wheel

Vehicle dynamics can be derived from its kinetic motion

Vehicle performance can be mathematically calculated with given traction force, or

demanded traction force can be determined if a desired vehicle velocity profile is
given

For an HEV powertrain can be generally smaller due to the nature of electric motor
used. The power splitting or combining is managed by vehicle control to maximize
fuel economy and performance

Rating of a powertrain can be determined using the vehicle data and design
requirements

Traction Motor characteristics

Power and Torque vs.
Speed

Power and Torque vs.

Speed

Tractive effort and transmission

Power rating of traction motor

The power rating of the electric motor drive in EV is completely determined by vehicle
acceleration performance requirements, motor characteristics, and transmission
characteristics. At the beginning of the design, the power rating of the motor drive can
be estimated, according to the acceleration performance (time used to accelerate the
vehicle from zero speed to a given speed), using the following equation

Power rating of motor and gradeability

The highest grade a vehicle can ascend while
maintaining a particular speed is sometimes termed
that vehicle's "gradeability

where d=(Ft-Fw)/Mg, which is called the vehicle performance factor , and fr is the tire rolling
resistance coefficient and Ft is the tractive effort on the driven wheels, Fr is the tire rolling
resistance, and Fw is the aerodynamic drag

Design Example
Mass of the vehicle =1500 kg
Frontal area = 2.2 m2
Coefficient of Drag = 0.3 (assumption)
Coefficient of rolling resistance = 0.08(assumption)
Density of air = 1.18 kg/m3
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2
Acceleration time from 0 to 60mph = 10 sec
C1 - Coefficient of rolling resistance = 1.6*10-6
Velocity function
v(t) = 0.29055t2
FTR = FA + FAD + FROLL
FTR = m*(dv/dt) + (0.5*CD*AF* *V2) + (m*g(C0 + (C1* V2))
m Mass of the vehicle in kg
dv/dt = d(0.29055t2)/dt = 0.5811t

Design Example Continued

FTR = 1500*(0.5811t) + (0.5*0.08*2.2*1.18*0.0844t2) + (1500*9.8(0.08 + (1.6*10-6*0.5811t)))
For time =1 sec
FTR = 871.65 + 0.008764096 + 1176.001985 = 2047.660749 N
Instantaneous power = Tractive force * Velocity
PTR =FTR * V
PTR =FTR * 0.29055t2
For time = 1 sec
PTR = 1176.001985 * 0.29055 = 594.9478305 watts
Time vs Instantaneous power
Power in watts

2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Time in sec
Series2