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Toluene
Xylene
AROMATIC S
OUTLINE
I. Definition
II. Aromatic Compounds
III.Production
A. Feedstock Consideration
B. Reforming Process
C. Solvent Extraction
IV. Important Intermediates
A. Ethylbenzene
B. Styrene
B. Cumene
C. Phenol
What is an Aromatic?
Also called arene (or sometimes aryl
hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with
alternating double and single bonds between
carbon atoms forming rings.
BENZENE (C6H6)
It is sometimes abbreviated PhH (PhenylHydrogen).
It is a colorless and highly flammable liquid
with a sweet smell.
BENZENE (C6H6)
STRUCTURES
TOLUENE (C7H8)
Also called methyl benzene and formerly
known as toluol
It is s clear, water-insoluble liquid with the
typical smell of paint thinners
Used as an industrial feedstock and as a
solvent
XYLENE (C8H10)
Also called dimethyl benzene
(from Greek word xylo which means "wood")
Is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of
a benzene ring with two methyl substituents
Are major petrochemical, produced
by catalytic reforming and also by coal
carbonisation in the manufacture of coke
fuel.
xylenes are found in small quantities
in gasoline and airplane fuels
XYLENE (C8H10)
DERIVATIVES
AROMATIC PRODUCTION
FEEDSTOCK
Reformed naphtha
70%
Pygas by product
(from ethylene plant)
23%
Coal liquids
7%
AROMATIC PRODUCTION
7. Removal of
combustion gases
6. Removal of
sulphur
compounds
3.Reactors for
cracking
2. isomerisation
reactors
AROMATIC PRODUCTION
REFORMING PROCESS
Operating Conditions
Older processes operate at 20 atmospheres
pressure, but modern plants run at a lower
pressure of 5 atmospheres and use continuous
catalyst regeneration. This means the catalyst is
withdrawn on a continuous basis and conveyed
through a regeneration system before being
returned to the reactor.
REFORMING PROCESS
During the reforming of naphtha, mainly
of
structures.
carbon
atoms
but
different
REFORMING PROCESS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
REFORMING PROCESS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EXTRACTION OF
AROMATICS
A typical composition of BTX obtained by
the
solvent
non-aromatic
extraction
are separated
compounds
(and
are
by
then
EXTRACTION OF
AROMATICS
INTERMEDIATES
1. Ethylbenzene (EB)
is a colorless aromatic liquid with a boiling
point of 136.2C,
INTERMEDIATES
2. Styrene
also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene,
and phenylethene, is an organic compound
DERIVATIVE
2. Cumene
a liquid, is soluble in many organic solvents but
not in water,
DERIVATIVE
4. Phenol
is an aromatic organic compound with the
molecular formula C6H5OH
It is an important industrial commodity as a
precursor to many materials and useful
compounds. Its major uses involve its
conversion to plastics or related materials
Causticization: Benzyl chloride + NaOH sodium benzoate
Hydrolysis: Sodium benzoate + HCl (aq) Phenol + NaCl (aq)