PERISTALTIC MOVEMENT :

Mixing movement :
- contraction segmentation
- penduler movement
- longitudinal movement
forces bolus forward

from
center point
of gaster

antrum 1 x / 20 sec

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.
Segmentation: mixes contents.

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.
Segmentation: mixes contents.

Motility of the GI Tract

Two basic types of motility are
involved:
peristalsis: propels contents through the
GIT.
Segmentation: mixes contents.

Gastroileal Reflex
Promotes movement
of GI contents
(chyme) from small
intestine to large
intestine (colon).
Activated by gastrin
and autonomic
nervous system
(ANS).

ANS

Colon

Gastrin

HAUSTRAL CONTRACTIONS

Food
residue
Haustra

MASS MOVEMENTS

Food residue

Rectum

DEFECATION
REFLEX
Parasympathetic
neurone

Somatic
neurone

Sensory
neurone

Stretch
receptors

Rectum
Anal
sphincters

Secretion
Exocrine

Enzymes
Water
Salts
Buffers
Mucous

Endocrine
Regulatory
hormones

Gastrointestinal secretion
mechanism
1. Enzymatic
2. Serous / mucous secretion

Basic of secretion

Gland hystologic type:

Goblet cell ; serous & mucous cell ;
Tubular cell ; Complex cell

Stimulation :
Local tactil / mucous chemical irritation
Hormonal :
Cholecystokinin ( jejunum mucous : billiary
duct contraction, gaster emptying inhibition
Secretin : G.I. tract peristaltic inhibition
Gastrin : gaster

Systemic : peristaltic emotion?

Salivary Glands

Secretory of gland
bolus chyme pyloric pump 50 - 70 cm
water ( for mixing force 6 x )
Hunger contraction :

gaster empty
hypoglicaemi
younger - adults

1. CEPHALIC PHASE
Vagus
nerve

Sight, smell or
thought of food

- Parasympathetic activation
of gastric motility & gastric juice secretion

2. GASTRIC PHASE
Gastrin

Food arrival causes

muscular reflexes &
gastrin secretion by
G cells.
FOOD

GO

Gastrin stimulates secretion from both chief &

parietal cells.

Enzym and gland secretrion

Oxyntic gland :

1. Neck cell : mucous & pepsinogen

2. Chief cell : pepsinogen

3. Parietal cell : HCl + intrinsic factor

PROTEIN PEPTON
Pepsinogen pepsin
HCl

Enzym : Gastric lipase , amilase, gelatinase.

Intrinsic factor :

Require for Vit. B12 absorbtion on ileum

a-chlorhydria
Anemia Perniciosa / megaloblastik.

3. INTESTINAL PHASE
Arrival of food in duodenum
triggers release of hormones
that inhibit gastric motility &
secretions.

Secretin &
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Circulation

Autonomic stimulation (extrinsic )

Sympathic

nerve : secretion ; blood vessel

contraction; sphincter
contraction

Parasympathic

nerve : secretion

Local Nerve Stimulation ( intrinsic )

Myentericus plexus :
- Auerbach ( muscularis )
- Meissner ( mucous )
Gastrointestinal secretion:
Saliva, gaster, pancreasbile , Brunner
gland , Liberkhun crypt, 7200 ml / day

Partially
reabsorb

Excretion

CHEMICAL DIGESTION IN THE DUODENUM

Digestive enzymes
produced in pancreas

Bile & pancreatic

juice enter the
duodenum

Gastric secretion regulation

* Nerve : Symphatic & Parasympathic, N. Vagus
Myentericus plexus reflex
* Endocrin : gastrin
* Secretagogue : Food alcohol, caffein, fat, protein
Feed back mechanism of HCl secretion :
* pH < 2 gastrin inhibites nerve reflex
increase mucous secretion mucous protection
Hunger contraction Eat
if not ? gastric mucous layer damage
* pH 2,5 - 3,5 : for peptic enzym function