1.

Uji Q
2.Ketepatan dan Ketelitian

Q Test
(1) Measurement data:
0.189, 0.169, 0.187, 0.183, 0.186, 0.182, 0.181, 0.184, 0.181, 0.177
Do the smallest and largest points need to be discarded?

Table
3

10

Q90%:

0.941

0.765

0.642

0.560

0.507

0.468

0.437

0.412

Q95%:

0.970

0.829

0.710

0.625

0.568

0.526

0.493

0.466

Number of values:

Q Test
In statistics, the Q test is used for identification and rejection of
outliers.

To apply a Q test for bad data, arrange the data in order of increasing
values and calculate Q as defined:

Q(calculated) = Qgap/Qrange
Where Qgap = |outlier - value closest to the outlier|
Qrange = |highest value lowest value |
If Qcalculated > Qtable, DISCARD the questionable point.

(1) For the data:

0.189, 0.169, 0.187, 0.183, 0.186, 0.182, 0.181, 0.184, 0.181, 0.177

Arranged in increasing order:

0.169, 0.177, 0.181, 0.181, 0.182, 0.183, 0.184, 0.186, 0.187, 0.189
Outlier is 0.169. Calculate Q:

With 10 observations at 90% confidence, Qcalculated < Qtable. Therefore

keep 0.169 at 90% confidence.

The following replicate observations were

obtained during a measurement and they
are arranged in ascending order:
6.69, 6.18, 6.28, 4.85, 6.49
Can we reject observation 4.85 as an outlier
at a 95% confidence level?

The following masses, in grams, were recorded in an

experiment to determine the average mass of a U.S.
penny:
3.067, 3.049, 3.039, 2.514, 3.048, 3.079, 3.094, 3.109,
3.102

Determine if the value of 2.514 g is an outlier at 95%

confidence level.

1). Rata-rata (mean) dan standar deviasi (deviation)

2). Ketepatan (accuracy) dan ketelitian (precision)

Rata-rata (mean)

The mean, X, is the numerical average obtained by dividing the sum

of the individual measurements by the number of measurements

Table Berat Uang Koin

What is the mean for the data in Table above?

Answer:
3.080 + 3.094 + 3.107 + 3.056 + 3.112 + 3.174 + 3.198 = 21.821

Standard Deviation)
The absolute standard deviation, s, describes the spread of
individual measurements about the mean

Relative Standard Deviation

X 100%

Table Berat Uang Koin

What are the standard deviation, the relative standard

deviation, and the percent relative standard deviation for the
data in Table above ?

Hasil pengukuran berat

koin bisa dituliskan sbb:
Berat koin = 3.1170.051g

Accuracy and Precision

Conceptual illustration

Accurate and Precise

Precise, but not accurate

Accurate, but not Precise

Not accurate, Not Precise

ACCURACY
Accuracy can be defined as how close a
number is to what it should be.
Accuracy is determined by comparing a
number to a known or accepted value.

Assessing Accuracy

PRECISION
Precision: The closeness of agreement between independent test
results obtained under stipulated conditions
repeatability: precision under similar conditions
reproducibility: precision under different conditions

Assessing Precision
Measurement of precision for a data set is the standard deviation (s)

For data sets that have more than 20 points

For data sets < 20 points

Relative Standard Deviation

X 100%

Example 1:

How old are you?

I am 22 years old (1)
I am 22 years and 8 months old (2)
I am 22 years, 8 months, and 5 days old
(3)
I am 22 years, 8 months, 5 days, and 10
hours old (4)

Accuracy vs. Precision for

Example 1
Statement (2) is more accurate and more
precise that statement (1).
Statement (3) is more accurate and more
precise than statement (2).
Statement (4) is more accurate and more
precise than statement (3).

Example 2:

How long is a string ?

Student A measures the string at 2.63
0.02 m.
Using the same ruler, Student B
measures the string at 1.98 0.01 m.
Who is most precise?
Who is most accurate?

Accuracy vs. Precision for

Example 2
The actual measurement is 2.65 m.
Student A is fairly accurate and also very
precise.
Student B is very precise, however, he is
not very accurate. The lack of accuracy is
due to using the ruler incorrectly.

Example 3

Using a centigram balance,

Student A measured a sample at 3 0 g.

Student B measured the same sample at

3.00 0.01 g.

Who is most precise?

Who is most accurate?

Accuracy vs. Precision for

Example 3
The actual measurement is 3.01 g.
Student A is reasonably accurate. He/She
was not very precise because the balance
was not capable of measuring to two
decimal places.
Student B is much more accurate because of
the precision of his/her measurement and
closeness of her value to the actual value.