Fasteners, Powers Screws,

Connections
Helical thread screw was an important invention.
Power Screw, transmit angular motion to liner motion
Transmit large or produce large axial force
It is always desired to reduce number of screws

Definition of important
Terminologies

Major diameter d, Minor diameter dr Mean dia or pitch diameter dp

Lead l, distance the nut moves for one turn rotation

Single and Double threaded screws

Double threaded screws are stronger and moves faster

Bolts, Screws, and Studs

Does Anyone Know the Difference?
A BOLT is Used with A NUT
A SCREW is Used with A TAPPED hole
The Hole May be SELF-Tapped
e.g., Wood Screws

A STUD is a TREADED ROD that is

Inserted into a TAPPED HOLE to leave
Exposed a Threaded STEM
A Stud May Also be WELDED to a Surface

Machine Screw Head Types

Slot Head Provides More Driving Torque, But Driver is Hard to Center
Not good for Power Driving

Threaded Inserts

Use With Soft Parent Materials Such as

Aluminum, Wood, Plastic, etc.

Insert Advantages

Greater clamping pressure in softer materials - provides higher

strength, better seals.
Better user of high-tensile-strength fasteners.
Resistance to vibration in assembly.
High-quality standard threads without tapping.
Permanent, wear-resistant threads.
Protective of expensive castings and moldings.
Reduced performance loss from cold flow of plastic.
Reduce risks in molding cycle.
Easy to install in a drilled or molded hole.
Suitable for automatic installation.
Wide variety of types to fit virtually
any application

Screw Designations
United National
Standard UNS
International Standard
Organization

Roots and crest can be either flat or round

Pitch diameter produce same width in the thread and space,

Common Tread forms

Joining

Joining

Pwr Xmission

Lite-Duty (e.g., Light Bulbs)

Coarse thread Designated by UNC

Fine Thread UNF, is more resistance to
loosening, because of its small helix angle.
They are used when Vibration is present
Class of screw, defines its fit, Class 1 fits have
widest tolerances, Class 2 is the most commonly
used
Class three for very precision application
Example:1in-12 UNRF-2A-LH, A for Ext. Thread
and B for Internal, R root radius
Metric M10x1.5 10 diameter mm major
diameter,1.5 pitch

Square and Acme Threads are

used for the power screw

Preferred pitch for Acme Thread

d, in

1/4

5/16

3/8

1/2

5/8

3/4

7/8

1 1/4

p,in

1/16

1/14

1/12

1/10

1/8

1/6

1/6

1/5

1/5

Mechanics of Power Screws

Used in design to change the angular motion to linear motion, Could

you recall recent failure of power screw leading to significant
causalities

What is the relationship between

the applied torque on power screw
and lifting force F

Torque for single flat thread

Fd m l fdm
TR
(
)
2 d m fl
Fd m fdm l
TL
(
)
2 d m fl
If the thread as an angle , the torque will be

Fd m l fd m sec
TR
(
)
2 d m fl sec
Wedging action, it
increases friction

Stresses in the power Screw

Shear stress in the base

of the screw
Bearing stress
Bending stress at the root
of the screw
Shear stress in the thread
nt number of engaged
thread

16T
d 3

F
d m nt p / 2

6F
b
d r nt p

3V
3F

2 A d r nt p

Loading to the fasteners and their

Failure considerations

Bolts are used to clamp two or more parts

It causes pre tension in the bolt
Grip length is the total thickness of parts
and washers
l

l
lt

ld

t2

lt=L- ld

L effective grip= h+t2 if t2<d

=h=d/2 for t2 d

Failure of bolted or riveted joints

Type of Joints
Lap Joint (single Joint)

But Joint

Example 1

Example 2

Example 2

Example 3

Weld

Weld under Bending