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INTRODUCTION
We will look at the various elements of design with which architects work and design.
EFFECT ON ARCHITECTURE
EFFECT OF LIGHTING
INTERIOR OF A MALL
PLANES OF BRIGHTNESS
PLANES OF BRIGHTNESS
MODELLING
The most important factor in a space is the people who will occupy it, use it, live in
it. People are not automatons; therefore, the psychological and emotional effects
of an environment are of equal importance with the physiological. Not only should
good quality light be provided to "see by" but also to "feel by."
The process the designer uses and the elements that the designer considers while
making and realizing a design should be based on the entire environmental and
psycho-physical system that interacts with the observer to create a lighting
installation. The design process itself should reflect the attitudes and elements of
design that are essential. A good designer always touches base with the entire
scope of the environmental design and never leaves it to chance.
The factors that should be considered in lighting any space are:
1. The SITUATION; is it a working, viewing, circulation or living space?
2. The FUNCTION; what will people do in the space? Type, study, eat, sew, or buy
and sell?
3. The QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF LIGHT needed to perform tasks.
4. The ARCHITECTURE and DECOR.
5. The ATMOSPHERE or psychology of the space.
6. The RELATIONSHIP to adjacent areas.
Day Lighting:
Day Lighting:
Always a better source of light
with good colour rendering
property
Saves electricity
Disadvantages
Along with light, heat is also
to be entertained
Not dependable on cloudy
days
Depends on location, time,
and design of windows.
Generally the day light can
extend to 2.5 times the
height of window.
KINDS OF LIGHTING
KINDS OF LIGHTING
TECHNIQUES - OVERVIEW
LIGHTING IN GENERAL
Uplighters
used to
highlight
voluminous
church space.
Movable lights on
track used to
highlight art in
galleries
General lighting
with task lighting .
Task L. helps to use
less energy and is
easily controllable.
Use of dimmers
further helps.
Lights as highlighters.
In recent years, the field of lighting has been struggling with two prominent
forces, energy efficiency and lighting quality
Unit Of Measurement:
Lumen
A measurement of light emitted by a lamp. As reference, a 100watt incandescent lamp emits about 1750 lumens.
Foot-candle
A measurement of the intensity of illumination. A foot candle is
the illumination produced by one lumen distributed over a 1square-foot area. For most home and office work, 3050 foot
candles of illumination are sufficient. For detailed work, 200
foot candles of illumination or more allows more accuracy and
less eyestrain. For simply finding one's way around at night, 5
20 foot candles may be sufficient.
Electrical formulas
where,
N=
number of lamps required.
E=
illuminance level required (lux)
A=
area at working plane height (m2)
F = average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)
UF= utilisation factor, an allowance for the light
distribution of the luminaire and the room
surfaces.
MF= maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced
light output because of deterioration and dirt.
Save energy and money by switching to LED holiday lights. LEDs use
90% less energy than traditional, incandescent light strands and
last up to ten times longer. In addition, LED holiday lights are durable
and safer to use. Theyre shatterproof and shock-resistant and, since
they produce very little heat, are much less of a fire hazard than
traditional holiday lighting.