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Virus Appearence?
Capsid, core and genetic material (DNA/RNA)
Capsid: outer shell of the virus which encloses genetic material
(link: chemical structure of capsid helps determine immune
response to virus)
capsid is made of many identical individual proteins
protein core under capsid protecting genetic material
sometimes an additional covering (lipid bilayer w/embedded
proteins) on outside known as an envelope ( like a baseball)
various forms: rods, filaments, spheres, cubes, crystals
Capsid
SPHERES
RODS
CUBES
Composition of T-Even
Bacteriophage
Capsid: brains of virus,
tightly-wound protein
protecting nucleic acids
Body: attached to
capsid head, rod-like
structure w/retractible
sheath, hollow core
Tail: at end of core is a
spiked plate carrying 6
slender tail fibers,
anchor virus to its host
Bacteriophage Attack
Virusal Mechanism
Viruses contain single- or double- stranded DNA
or RNA
Often, the virus alters the intracellular
environment enough to damage or kill the cell
(oops!!)
Role of RNA/DNA
Supplies the codes for building the protein coat
(capsid) and for producing enzymes needed to
replicate more viruses
Information given so newly-built viruses can lyse cells
(e.g., bacteriophage)
Result: cell destroyed.
Bottom Line...
All viruses only exist to make more viruses
Most are harmful
Replication = host cell death.
More
herrings/sardines (Clupidae)
lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
left-eye flounders (Bothidae)
loaches (Cobitidae)
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp)
pikes (Esocidae)
sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Southwest European nase (C. toxostoma)
suckers (Cotostomidae)
turbot (Psetta maxima)
whitefish (Coregonidae)
goldfish (Carassius auratus)
southern flounder (P. lethostigma)
Asymptomatic carriers...
coalfish (Pollachius virens)
common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
discus fish (Symphysodon discus)
goldfish (Carrasius auratus)
heron (Ardea cinerea)
loach (Cobitidae)
minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
noble crayfish (Astacus astacus)
Infectious pancreatic necrosis in Atlantic salmon.
pike (Esox lucius)
Note swollen stomach and 'pop eye'
river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatalis) Source: Australian Animal Health Laboratory
shore crab (Carcinus maenas)
Spanish barbel (Barbus graellsi)
white suckers (Catostomas commersoni)
...what now???
Source: T Hstein
Type
I-a
I-b
I-c
I-d
I-e
Rainbow trout in Georgia, farmed and wild turbot in the Black Sea[11]
II
III
Marine fish of the British Isles and northern France, farmed turbot in
the UK and Ireland, and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius
hippoglossoides) in Greenland[12]
IV-a
IV-b
Pengobatan
Larutan arsenik 1 % dalam
senyawa arycil. Penyuntikan
pada perut ikan. Lakukan 3 kali
penyuntukan selanjutnya
dengan 5 % arsin dalam
senyawa arycil
Lymphocystis
Disebabkanoleh iridovirus/ DNA
Dapat menyerang ikan air twar maupun laut
Gejala: Terdapat penebalan pada sel jaringan ikat
sehingga mncl tonjolan atau nodul pada ikan bisa
berkelopok ata sendiri. Sasaran uttama kulit atua
insang.
Tidak ada pengobatan yg efektiv, hanya
pencegahan melalui menjaga kualitas air dan
peningkatan imunitas ikan. Penularan melalui
makanan atapun suntikan dan air.
Pengobatan
Segera dipindahkan ikan yang sakit (isolasi) ke
suhu air yang lbh tinggi ( 30 C) selama beberapa
hari kemudian suhu diturunkan
sampai 27 C keumdian dikeluarkan. Dilanjtkan
pengobatan seknder. Jika sdah mewabah sebaiknya
dimusnahkan
Pencegahan : padat tebar dikurangi, penggunaan
benih yang berkalitas dan bebas KHV, mnjaga
kualitas air, pemberian pakan yg baik dan sehat,
desinfeksi pada semua perslatan dan kolam,
mnitoring dan evaluasi ikan dan lingkngan