Skeletal System

Diamond Davis

Skeletal System
Functions
Makes up body framework - gives body shape
Supports the body
Protects vital internal organs
Provides for movement
Stores mineral reserves
Produces red blood cells

Bone composition
Bone is living tissue.
It is a solid network of cells and protein fibers surrounded by
deposits of minerals.
Components:

32% Organic materials

(collagen and bone cells)
43% Minerals
(calcium and
phosphorous)
25% Water

Bone cells
There are four main types of bone cells in bone tissue.

Osteogenic cells respond to traumas, such as fractures, by giving rise to

osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) synthesize and secrete unmineralized ground
substance and are found in areas of high metabolism within the bone.
Osteocytes are mature bone cells made from osteoblasts that have made bone
tissue around themselves.
Osteoclasts are large cells that break down bone tissue. They are very important
to bone growth, healing, and remodeling.

Skeletal Tissue

4 main types
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Cartilage
Fibroblasts

Ossification
Process of producing bone from cartilage
Cartilage is replaced by
osteoblasts which secrete
deposits and
then mature into
osteocytes (bone cells).
Osteoclasts break
down bone and remove
damaged bone tissue
when a bone is broken.

Fetus plus cartilage

Babies are born with 350 bones, many are almost entirely made of
cartilage.

The cartilage cells will be replaced by cells that form the bones.
(ossification)

16 week
fetus

Structure of Bone
Look at this awesome picture of a typical
long bone.
Femu
r

Structure
Blood?
Circulatory
System.

Adult skeleton
The adult skeleton contains 206 bones.

Joints
Where two or more bones meet.
3 Types

Immovable- A fixed joint, one that allows no

movement
bones of skull, pelvis, and sacrum
Slightly movable- joint that permits a small
amount of restricted movement
between vertebrae, two bones of lower leg
Freely movable- Permit movement in one or
more directions

Types of Joints
Immovable

bones of skull,
pelvis, and sacrum

Slightly movable

between vertebrae,
two bones of lower leg

Freely movable

4 types

Ball & Socket & Saddle

Joints
Circular Movement
Slide in two directions

Hinged & Pivot Joints

Hinged- back and forth
Pivot- Rotation around another

Ligaments
Tough, elastic bands of connective tissues

Teamwork

The skeletal system provides the framework

for muscles.
Protects the brain in the nervous.

Osteoporosis & Scoliosis

Happens when blood calcium level is low
Deformity of the Spine