CELLULAR

COMMUNICATIONS

LTE

Data Rate

Requirements And Targets to

LTE

reduced delays, in terms of both connection

establishment and transmission latency;
increased user data rates;
increased cell-edge bit-rate, for uniformity of service
provision;
reduced cost per bit, implying improved spectral
efficiency;
greater flexibility of spectrum usage, in both new and
pre-existing bands;
simplified network architecture;
seamless mobility, including between different radioaccess technologies;
reasonable power consumption for the mobile terminal

Cell/User Throughput

Average cell throughput [bps/cell] and spectral

efficiency [bps/Hz/cell].
Average user throughput [bps/user] and
spectral efficiency [bps/Hz/user].
Cell-edge user throughput [bps/user] and
spectral efficiency [bps/Hz/user].
The

metric used for this assessment is the 5percentile user throughput, obtained from the
cumulative distribution function of the user
throughput.

Key Performance Requirements

Key Performance Requirements

Multiple Antenna Technology

Diversity gain. Use of the space-diversity

provided by the multiple antennas to improve the
robustness of the transmission against multipath
fading.
Array gain. Concentration of energy in one or
more given directions via precoding or
beamforming. This also allows multiple users
located in different directions to be served
simultaneously (so-called multi-user MIMO).
Spatial multiplexing gain. Transmission of
multiple signal streams to a single user on
multiple spatial layers created by combinations of
the available antennas.

MIMO

Packet-Switched Radio
Interface

Completely Packet Oriented Systems

LTE User Equipment

Network

The Access Network

Bearers

Minimum Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)

bearers which can be used for applications
such as VoIP.
have

an associated GBR value for which

dedicated transmission resources are
permanently allocated

Non-GBR bearers which do not guarantee

any particular bit rate.
web

browsing or FTP transfer.

bandwidth resources are allocated permanently to
the bearer.

QoS

Handover

Lossless Handover

Logical and Physical Channel

Discontinuous Reception(DRX)

Reduce time in a reception mode in order to

save battery

Logical Channel Priority

OFDM

OFDM

Peak-To-Average Power
Ratio

PAPR

Power amplifiers that are linear at wide range

of inputs are costly

Handset: Reduce PAPR

OFDMA

OFDMA/TDMA

Physical Layer

Channel
Estimation

Transmission distort the signal and add noise

If transmitted signal is known, can estimate

distortion and apply inverse transformation on
other signals

Reference signal

Reference Signal

Two antennas

Link Adaptation

Channel Quality Indicator

Multiple Antenna

Multiple Antenna

Optimal Power Allocation

Multi-User Scheduling

Resource Scheduler

Partial Frequency Reuse

Partial Frequency Reuse

Handover

Evolution of the Radio Interface

Standards availability

EDGE

EDGE+

1Mb/s

384Kb/s
W-CDMA

384Kb/s

HSPA

HSPA+

18Mb/s

42Mb/s

LTE

LTE-Advanced

1000Mb/s

100Mb/s

2000

2010

40
40