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Cubic
Orthorhombic
Rhombohedral
Tetragonal
Triclinic
Hexagonal
Monoclinic
Crystal Systems
Lattice Parameters
Crystal Intercepts
Crystal Angles
Cubic
a=b=c
= = = 90o
Orthorhombic
abc
= = = 90o
Rhombohedral
a=b=c
= = 90o
Tetragonal
a=bc
= = = 90o
Triclinic
abc
90o
Hexagonal
a=bc
= = 90o,
= 120o
Monoclinic
abc
= = 90o,
90o
2
4
5
7
6
8
a = 2r
1
Volume occupied by a sphere in the unit cell
V
8
1
Total volume occupied by all the spheres in the unit V 8 1V
8
cell
Packing Fraction
Coordination number
Packing Fraction
Volume occupied by a corner sphere in the unit cell
1
V
8
4
2 r 3
3 3
4r
0.68
Coordination number
Packing Fraction
Volume occupied by a corner sphere in the unit cell
1
V
8
1
Volume occupied by a face centered sphere in the unit V
2
cell
Total Volume occupied by the spheres in the unit cell
Packing Fraction
1
1
8 6 4
8
2
4
4 r 3
3 3
4r
0.74
Coordination number
y-z plane
x-y plane
x-z plane
Crystal Systems
Bravais Lattices
Cubic
Orthorhombic
Rhombohedral
Primitive
Tetragonal
Primitive, BC
Triclinic
Primitive
Hexagonal
Primitive
Monoclinic
Primitive, EC
Layer A
Layer B
Layer C
Layer C
Layer A
Layer B
Layer A
Hexagonal Close
Packing
Layer B
Layer A
Layer A
a = 2r
c/2
2r
2r
D
c
2r
2r
OA = r
AOB = 30o
a
OB
2r
BD
3
2
2 c
2r
EB ( 2r ) 2
2r
3
3
2
c 4r
2
3
1
6
1
Packing Fraction
4
6 r 3
3
33
6
4r
22rr2 2 4r
6
44
2
3
0.74
1
12 3
4
With each corner as origin there are 8 tetrahedral voids in FCC unit
cell
Octahedral voids
Octahedral
void
Tetrahedral voids
1
4 6 6
3
In 3 layers
2 6 12
(a) Vacancy
(a) F-Centre
H2 is trapped in TiC
electro neutrality is maintained
density increases
3.
Draw the unit cell for the corresponding structure and identify
these planes in the diagram. Also report the distance between
two such crystallographic planes in each terms of the edge length
a of the unit cell.
distance
B
A
3a a
3
3
.Thank You.
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