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Ships and ship-shaped offshore platforms have been key to deepwater field
developments.
Tankers move oil from its source to the refinery.
Seismic surveys are done by specially outfitted ships for this purpose.
Aft perpendicular
Location.
Bonjean curve
Bonjean curves
Form Coefficients
= Immersed volume
B = Beam
AM= Area of midship section
LWL= Length of waterline
Then
=
; =
; =
; =
; =
The block coefficient (CB)is the ratio of the immersed hull volume at a
particular draft to that of a rectangular prism of the same length, breadth,
and draft as the ship.
The midship section coefficient (CM) is the ratio of the area of the immersed
midship section (AM) at a particular draft to that of a rectangle of the
same draft and breadth as the ship.
The waterplane coefficient (CWP) is the ratio of the area of the waterplane
(AWP) to that of a rectangle of the same length and breadth as the ship.
L/B
B/T
T/D
2.1 to 2.8
0.66 to 0.74
Tankers
7.1 to 7.25
2.4 to 2.6
0.76 to 0.78
VLCC
6.4 to 6.5
2.4 to 2.6
0.75 to 0.78
commercial vessels:
Lightship, Lightweight, or Light Displacement The ship with all
items of outfit, equipment, and machinery, including boiler
water and lubricating oil in sumps, but without cargo, provisions, stores,
crew, or fuel.
Fully Loaded Lightship plus cargo, fuel, stores, etc., to settle the
ship to her load line. Also loaded, load, or full-load displacement. For
ships designed to carry different classes of cargo, full-load conditions
may be tabulated for each type of cargo.
The trim and stability booklet will normally tabulate stability data for
ballasted and partly loaded conditions, and for end of voyage and
intermediate conditions with varying amounts of fuel and stores
consumed.
the lightship displacement and total displacement of the ship at any time.
Maximum or load deadweight is the carrying capacity of a ship measured in
2,240-pound long tons, and is the difference between the lightweight and
fully
loaded
displacements.
Deadweight
includes
fuel,
provisions,
munitions, crew and effects, cargo, or any other weight carried. For a
merchant ship, cargo deadweight, paying deadweight, or payload is the
part of the deadweight that is cargo and therefore earning income.
=
=
=+
=+
= =
=
100
= +
=
= +
=
return to its upright position, but inclines to the opposite side and oscillates,
or rolls, about its equilibrium position for some time before coming to rest.
Rolling is cyclic in nature and is induced or aggravated by short duration,
repetitive or cyclic forces, such as wave forces.
GZ = GM sin
Righting moment = WGZ
Inclining Experiment
The measurable effects of off-centerplane weight are used to
determine height of center of gravity in an inclining experiment. By
shifting a known weight (w) a specified distance (d) athwartship, the
movement of the center of gravity can be determined.
The first three conditions affect stability of the intact ship as well. Only free
Ships with large GM develop large initial righting arms and therefore
respond to moderate disturbing forces with sharp, short-period rolling.
be tender.
Insufficient initial stability results in constant rolling in even gentle seas,
making work difficult, and may allow extreme rolling in heavier seas,