Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Both have the same types of biological molecules
metabolism, protein synthesis, ATP
Nucleus
Protein synthesis (ribosomes, RER, Golgi)
Mitochondria; chloroplasts
Lysosomes
Plasma membranes have different modifications
Cytoskeleton
Prokaryotes:
Have no nucleus; genome is circular
No histones
No membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall usually contains peptidoglycan (cell
walls are more complex)
Etc.
Extracellular components
Protection
dehydration
immune mechanisms
Attachment
Peritrichous
monotrichous
(or amphi, or lophotrichous
Structure of peptidoglycan
Internal components
Nucleoid- with single, circular, supercoiled
DNA molecule
Many bacteria have plasmids
small, extrachromosomal, circular
piece of DNA
genes present are usually not required
but may be advantageous
(antibiotic resistance, resistance to metals)
Now used for genetic engineering
Ribosomes
No membrane-bound organelles
Some have storage granules
Some aquatic bacteria have gas vesicles
Some have endospores (soil bacteria) that
enable them to lie dormant under
unfavorable conditions
Summary
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound
organelles
Eukaryotes may be multicellular with highly
specialized cells
Prokaryotes have simple shapes and are
classified according to their morphology
Certain structures are unique to prokaryotes