Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Shanty Djajakusli
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND. We previously reported beneficial effects of
INTRODUCTION
Infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW)
AIMS
Identify whether beneficial effects of BM ingestion in
METHODS
180 (23%) BM -
RESULTS
Maternal characteristics of the cohort evaluated at 30
months (Table 1)
Infant birth weight and gestational age were similar
among the BM quintile groups and no-BM group (Table
2)
The study outcomes by quintile of BM ingestion and the
no-BM group at 30 months of age (Table 3)
The analysis of BM as a continuous measure confirmed
significant independent effects of BM on all 4 of the
primary outcomes at 30 months (Table 4)
Differences were identified at 30 months for Bayley MDI
& PDI between the BM & no-BM groups (Figure 1)
DISCUSSION
Report of 18-month outcomes identified no
CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of findings of persistent effects of BM on
cognition at 30 months CA, we reiterate our
recommendation that efforts must be made to
introduce all of the mothers to the benefits of BM.
Efforts should be initiated not only by the obstetrician,
neonatologist, lactation consultant, and primary care
provider but should begin before pregnancy with
supports after discharge from the birthing hospital. To
optimize efforts, the introduction of the concept of
breastfeeding can be considered in elementary
school as part of healthy-living education.
HARI KE
3-5
HARI KE
8-11
HARI KE
15-18
HARI KE
26-29
Matur
Prematur
Matur
Prematur
Matur
Prema- Matur
tur
Energi
(kcal/dl)
48
58
59
71
62
71
62
70
Lemak
(g/dl)
1.85
3.0
2.9
4.14
3.06
4.33
3.05
4.09
Protein
(g/dl)
1.87
2.10
1.7
1.86
1.52
1.71
1.29
1.41
Laktosa
(g/dl)
5.14
5.04
5.98
5.55
6.0
5.63
6.51
5.97
Prematur
SUSU
SAPI
Energi (kcal/dl)
58.0
70.0
65.0
Lemak (g/dl)
Asam lemak tak jenuh rantai
panjang (% total lemak)
2.9
---
4.2
14
3.8
3
Protein (g/dl)
Kasein (g/dl)
-Lactalbumin(g/dl), Whey
Laktoferin (g/dl)
IgA (g/dl)
2.3
0.5
--0.5
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
3.3
2.5
0.1
Trace
0.003
Laktosa (g/dl)
5.3
7.3
4.7
151
75
40
Kalsium (mg/dl)
Natrium (mg/dl)
Zat besi (mg/dl)
28
48
---
30
15
0.08
125
47
0.05
Sumber : CE Casey, KM Hambidge : Nutritional aspects of human lactation. In : MC Neville, MR Neifert (eds.),
Lactation: physiology, nutrition and breastfeeding. New York : Plenum, 1983 : 203-4
PROPERTI
ASI
SUSU SAPI
SUSU
FORMULA
Kontaminan bakteri
Tidak ada
Mungkin ada
Faktor anti-infeksi
Ada
Tidak ada
Tidak ada
Faktor pertumbuhan
Ada
Tidak ada
Tidak ada
Protein
Sebagian diperbaiki
Kasein:whey 40:60
Kasein:whey 80:20
Disesuaikan dengan
ASI
Whey:Alfa
Whey:Betalaktoglobulin
Lemak
Cukup mengandung
asam lemak esensial
(ALE), DHA dan AA
Mengandung lipase
Kurang ALE
Tidak ada lipase
Kurang ALE
Tidak ada DHA & AA
Tidak ada lipase
Zat Besi
Ditambahkan ekstra
Tidak diserap dengan
baik
Vitamin
Cukup
Vitamin ditambahkan
Air
Cukup
Perlu tambahan
Mungkin perlu
tambahan
Sumber : Konseling menyusui : Pelatihan untuk tenaga kesehatan. Manual Peserta. Kerjasama WHO/UNICEF/BK.PP-ASI Januari 2003
CLASSIFICATION OF INTELLECTUAL
LEVEL
IQ RANGE
INTERPRETATION
Very superior
Superior
Above average
Average
Below average
Borderline retarded
Mentally retarded
Mildly (educably) retarded
Moderately (trainably) retarded
Severely retarded
Profoundly retarded
Data from material in the manual of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised,
and from Heber R. Am J Ment Defic 1961; 65:500