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Introduction
Fig. 12.1
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.1b
Fig. 12.1c
Fig. 12.2
Fig. 12.4
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
FIVE PHASES
Late Interphase
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Fig. 12.6a
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.7a
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Experiments
support the
hypothesis that
spindle fibers
shorten during
anaphase from the
end attached to the
chromosome, not
the centrosome.
Fig. 12.7b
Cytokinesis, division of
the cytoplasm, typically
follows mitosis.
In animals, the first sign
of cytokinesis (cleavage)
is the appearance of a
cleavage furrow in the
cell surface near the old
metaphase plate.
Fig. 12.8a
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.8a
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cytokinesis
In dinoflagellates,
replicated chromosomes
are attached to the
nuclear envelope.
In diatoms, the spindle
develops within the
nucleus.
Fig. 12.13
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.14a
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.15
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.16a
Fig. 12.16b
Copyright 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fig. 12.17
Purpose of Meiosis
Crossing Over
In anaphase I,
the homologous
chromosomes
separate and
are pulled toward
opposite poles.
Comparison Summary
Worth MAJOR POINTS!
Independent assortment
alone would find each
individual chromosome in
a gamete that would be
exclusively maternal or
paternal in origin.
However, crossing over
produces recombinant
chromosomes which
combine genes inherited
from each parent.
Oogenesis vs Spermatogenesis
When a girl is born she is born with all her eggs suspended in
meiosis I. Each division of meiosis is uneven. At the end
you have 1 large cell that will be the released egg, and 3 polar
bodies that will disintegrate. Egg production will continue
once a month until the eggs are gone.
Alternation of Generations
Plants VS Animals
Animals produce gametes and those gametes
fuse to become a new multicellular organism.
Plants undergo meiosis, and then those haploid
cells undergo mitosis to make a multicellular
gametophyte that produce egg and sperm.
When egg and sperm meet the diploid cell will
undergo mitosis to make a sporophyte.