Professional Documents
Culture Documents
with HIV
Infection
Case Study
CONSEQUENCES
OF
HIV
Nutrition in Practice
1a) Describe lipodystrophy and discuss its typical pattern in people who have
HIV infection.
Lipodystrophy is a problem with the way the body produces, uses, and stores fat. It is
also called fat redistribution. Since the widespread use of antiretroviral theraphy
began, the numbers of HIV positive people with lipodystrophy has increased.
Today, lipodystrophy occurs in 30% to 50% of people who are infected with HIV.
Abnormalities of Lipodystrophy:
1) Fat build up or Fat redistribution ( lipohypertrophy, lipoaccumulation, or
hyperadiposity)
- is when fat accumulates in certain areas of the body.
- Some people see the amount of visceral fat ( fat deep within the body ) around their
gut increase significantly.
- The medical term for this is LIPOHYPERTROPHY ( excessive fat growth ).
- Increased dorsocervical fat pads : a buildup fat on the back of the neck and
shoulders, sometimes called buffalo hump has also been seen, as well as
increased fat tissue in the breasts. Some people have also reported round,
movable, flattened lumps of fat under the skin (lipomas).
A pot belly
Buffalo hump
Breast enlargement
Tissue lipomas
Low HDL
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hyperinsulinemia
TREATMENT
1)
1)
Appetite stimulant
LIFESTYLE
1.
2. Dietary management
A diet with :
High CHON
Trans-fat and less fiber
A Mediterranean diet
High in Omega-3
Fresh fruit
Vegetables
A balanced low-fat
Low CHO diet is preferable since hypertriglyceridemia is present
in the patient.
2a) What strategies may improve his problems with diarrhea and anorexia?
Anorexia resulted from thrush and dysphagia
Use cold or frozen foods; they are often soothing.
Try soft foods such as ice cream, milk shakes, bananas, applesauce,
mashed potatoes, cottage cheese, and macaroni and cheese.
Avoid foods that irritate mouth sores such as citrus fruits and juices,
tomatoes and tomato-based products, spicy foods, foods that are very
salty, foods with seeds ( such as poppy seeds and sesame seeds ) that can
scrape the sore, and coarse foods such as raw vegetables and toast.
Ask your doctor about using a local anaesthetic solution such as lidocaine
before eating to reduce pain.
Use a straw for drinking liquids in order to bypass sores
Diarrhea
Drink plenty of fluids. Salty broths and soups, diluted fruit juices and
sports drinks are good choices. For severe diarrhea, try oral rehydration
formulas that are commercially prepared.
Avoid foods and beverages that increase gas, such as legumes, onions,
vegetables of the cabbage family, foods that contain sorbitol or mannitol,
and carbonated beverages.
Avoid high-fat foods if you are fat intolerant.
Avoid caffeine.
Eat smaller meals and eat more frequently.
2b) Suggests reasons why people with HIV infection may develop diarrhea
and anorexia.
Most people who are suffering from HIV infection will have ongoing
problems regarding wasting and weight loss. The wasting is associated
with HIV infection which has many causes such as inadequate food intake
and anorexia.
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS, PAIN, AND FATIGUE: The physical and social
problems that accompany chronic illness may cause fear, anxiety, and
depression, which contribute to anorexia. Pain and fatigue, which may be
associated with some disease complications, can cause anorexia and
difficulty with eating.
ORAL INFECTIONS: The oral infections associated with HIV infection such
as THRUSH ( Herpes Simplex Virus ) can cause discomfort and interferes
with food consumption.
DIETARY MANAGEMENT
DIET
MANAGEMENT
RATIONALE
HIGH CALORIE
HIGH PROTEIN
- diarrhea
BLAND DIET
- can be in a form of
enteral/parenteral feeding
- for hypertriglyceridemia
- because of thrush
Vitamin Supplementation
- improve immunity
A / Beta Carotene
B Vitamins
- enhance function
Mineral Supplementation
Cu
Fe
Zn
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