AMR - Ericsson Network AMR - Ericsson NetworkAMR - Ericsson Network

Adaptive Multi Rate Ericsson Network
19th April, 2011

NSN NPO
For internal use

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Nokia Siemens Networks
Contents
AMR Overview
AMR Requirements and Network Considerations
AMR Parameters
AMR Measurements
Potential Impact on Network
MCCI NSN Tehran AMR Trends
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AMR Overview
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MV Managed Services Offer for MTC Saudi / Abdul Mueen Lone / 20th May 07
AMR Introduction
AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) consists of a family of codecs with different bit-rates
operating in GSM FR and HR
The aim is to improve channel (FR/HR) quality by adapting the most appropriate
channel codec based on current radio condition
The trade off made between quality and robustness by varying bit-rates.
Codec mode adaptation (link adaptation) is based on received channel quality in
both MS and BTS.
The basic AMR codec mode sets for MS and BTS are provided by BSC via layer
3 signalling.
MS shall support all speech codec modes, although only a set of up to 4 speech
codec modes are used during a call
New GSM standard based voice coding in phone and network. Implementation
in radio network and phone is needed to realize the benefits.
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AMR Introduction
At low C/I, a large amount of channel coding is applied and less speech coding. When the C/I
increases the speech coding is increased and the channel coding is decreased. So the speech
coding (data) and channel coding rates (Error correction) are adapted to the existing RF
environment, hence the term adaptive.
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AMR Introduction Codec Data Rates

Channel cross bit-rate is 22.8 kbit/s in GSM FR/EFR:
13 kbit/s speech coding and
9.8 kbit/channel coding
(HR channel gross bit rate 11.4 kbit/s)
In the AMR case, codec mode can be changed and more error correction bits can be used
whenever channel requires
Channel bit-rate (kbit/s)
25
Channel coding
Speech coding
20
15
10
5
0
FR
12.2
FR
10.2
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FR
7.95
FR 7.4 FR 6.7 FR 5.9
FR
5.15
FR
4.75
HR
7.95
HR 7.4 HR 6.7 HR 5.9
AMR codec mode
HR
5.15
HR
4.75
AMR Introduction Codec Data Rates

AMR codecs:
8 for Full rate and 6 for Half Rate
Upto 4 codecs in one Active Codec Set
AMR Full Rate performance compared to

Full Rate EFR in Clean Speech
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
5.0
4.0
Voice quality
3.0
EFR
AMR FR
2.0
5 CODEC MODE for HR
1.0
No Errors 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I
7 dB C/I
4 dB C/I
AMR Half Rate performance compared to

Full Rate in Clean Speech
MOS (Mean Opinion Score)
5.0
4.0
3.0
Robustness
2.0
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FR
AMR HR
1.0
No Errors19 dB C/I16 dB C/I13 dB C/I10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I
C/I vs. FER performance, AMR FR

Frame Error Rates (FER) for ARM, EFR and FR Codecs
on Different C/I conditions (FR -Channel)
C/I [dB]
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
8.00%
10.00%
12.00%
14.00%
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FER [%]
6.00%
GSM EFR
GSM FR
AMR 12.2 kbit/s
AMR 10.2 kbit/s
AMR 7.95 kbit/s
AMR 7.4 kbit/s
AMR 6.7 kbit/s
AMR 5.9 kbit/s
AMR 5.15 kbit/s
AMR 4.75 kbit/s
GSM HR
C/I vs. FER performance, AMR HR

Frame Error Rates (FER) for ARM HR Codecs
on Different C/I conditions (HR -Channel)
C/I [dB]
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
1
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
GSM HR
8.00%
10.00%
AMR 7.95 kbit/s
FER [%]
6.00%
AMR 7.4 kbit/s

AMR 6.7 kbit/s
AMR 5.9 kbit/s
AMR 5.15 kbit/s
AMR 4.75 kbit/s
12.00%
14.00%
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AMR FR codec mode adaptation example

C/I
C/I
EFR operation
AMR mode
AMR
Mode
30
25
12.2 kbit/s
20
7.95 kbit/s
AMR
[dB]
FR
HR
12.2
10.2
15
6.70 kbit/s
10
5.90 kbit/s
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time[s]
speech
coding
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chan.
coding
7.95
7.4
7.4
6.7
6.7
5.9
5.9
5.15
5.15
4.75
4.75
AMR Introduction
AMR Capacity benefits:
Improved robustness in Full Rate allows tightening of re-use patterns increased spectral efficiency
Operation of Half Rate channels will free available capacity for data traffic reduced blocking
Base Station Cell Coverage
AMR Coverage benefits:
Current Full Rate &

AMR Half Rate
AMR Full Rate
Improved performance at
cell edge
HO
12.2
7.4
5.9
5.15
7.95
5.9
4.75
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HO
4.75
HO
Benefits of AMR 1/2

Speech quality enhancement: AMR maintains good speech quality in the
situation where the connection faces low C/I or low signal level
Capacity and coverage gain: Link level simulation results illustrated

improvement in terms of TCH FER (up to 6dB at 1% FER in C/I)
Improved BCCH plan: tighter frequency reuse or better quality with same
frequency reuse, potentially releasing frequencies to be used on the nonBCCH layer. This is applicable when EFR legacy terminals do not
represent a significant portion of the traffic.
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Benefits of AMR 2/2

Mixed EFR AMR traffic networks: use more aggressive power control for
AMR mobiles in order to decrease the average interference level in the network.
Due to better error correction capability against the channel errors lower C/I
target can be set for AMR mobiles hence lower PC thresholds can be used.
Therefore, the overall interference decreases in the network (smaller average
transmission power) and thus the quality of the existing EFR connections
increase.
When compare AMR HR to previous GSM HR codec, it is noticed that AMR HR

obtains remarkable better speech quality
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AMR Requirements & Network Considerations
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AMR HW Support
Below are the HW requirements for AMR deployment.
RBS
All RBS2000 base stations support AMR, except for early versions of RBS2301 (< R6A)
No support in RBS200
BSC
AXE810 supports AMR (TRA R6)
BYB501 supports AMR on TRA R5B
BYB202 dont support AMR, except in BYB501 expansions
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AMR Enhancements in Ericsson System

R9.1
Two predefined Active Codec Sets
R10
Define own Active Codec Sets
Included modes
Mode change thresholds
AMR statistics
Codec mode utilization
Call drop rate
BSSR12
Adaptive Multi Rate introduced anew predefined codec set consisting of the codec modes: 4.75,
5.9, 7.4, 12.2 for Full Rate AMR
G10 A
Improved configuration capability for FR-AMR and HR-AMR Configurable initial codec mode
Possible to start with a codec mode with a higher bit rate (compared to the default setting
defined in 3GPP) after changing channels
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AMR Parameters
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2G AMR Parameters BSC Level

AMRFRSUPPORT
Indicates if AMR FR is turned ON or OFF and also which full rate codec set that shall be used within the BSC.
Default value: 0
Value range: 0-5
Unit:
0=off
1=Full rate codec set 1
AMRHRSUPPORT
Indicates if AMR HR is turned ON or OFF and also which half rate codec set that shall be used within the BSC
Default value: 0
Value range: 0-4
Unit:
0=off
1=Half rate codec set 1
SET
Indicates which of the codec sets for a specific channel rate that shall be modified.
Value Range: FR3, FR4, HR3, HR4
Unit: Codec Set
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2G AMR Parameters BSC Level

MODE
Specifies the codec modes that shall be included in the codec set. For Full Rate all 8 codec modes can be used, expressed as a
numeral between 1 and 8, and defined in ascending order
Value range: 0-8
Unit: CODEC MODE
THR
Specifies the thresholds between the codec modes in the codec set, expressed as a numeral between 0 and 63, in steps of 0.5 dB.
Value Range: 0 to 63
Unit: Threshold
HYST
Specifies the hysteresis values for the threshold in the codec set. It is expressed as a numeral between 0 and 15, in steps of 0.5
dB.
Value Range: 0 to 15
Unit: Hysteresis
AMRSPEECHVERUSE
This is used to decide if the used speech version for AMR shall be placed at the top in the list of allowed speech version at
handover.
Value Range: 0 and 1
0: Do not place the used speech version for AMR at the top in the list of allowed speech versions.
1: The used speech version for AMR shall be plated at the top of the list of allowed speech versions.
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Codec Modes and Decision thresholds
When C/I drops below decision threshold THR_3, codec mode 3 (CODEC_MODE_3) will be in operation instead
of codec mode 4 (CODEC_MODE_4). The sum of the decision threshold and hysteresis constitutes the upper
threshold between two codec modes, e.g when C/I exceeds THR_3 + HYST_3 codec mode 4
(CODEC_MODE_4) will be in operation instead of codec mode 3 (CODEC_MODE_3).
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Predefined Full Rate codec Sets
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Predefined Half Rate codec Sets
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Parameter Summary Cell Level
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Parameter
Radio Feature
AMRPCSTATE
QDESULAFR
QDESULAHR
SSDESULAFR
SSDESULAHR
QDESDLAFR
QDESDLAHR
SSDESDLAFR
SSDESDLAHR
SSOFFSETULAFR
SSOFFSETDLAFR
QOFFSETULAFR
QOFFSETDLAFR
QLIMULAFR
QLIMDLAFR
BQOFFSETAFR
RLINKTAFR
RLINKTAHR
RLINKUPAFR
RLINKUPAHR
DTHAMR
DMTHAMR
DMQBAMR
DMQGAMR
BTS and MS Power Control
MS Power Control
BTS Power Control
Intra Cell Handover
Bad Quality Urgency HO conditions
Radio Link Timeout Timers
Dynamic Half Rate

Dynamic Mode Adaptation
AMR Features
AMR Power Control

AMR HR
AMR Radio Link Timers
AMR Wideband
Dynamic HR allocation
Dynamic Mode adaptation
Locating
Intra cell Handover and Urgency Conditions
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AMR Power Control
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AMR Power Control

Summary
The feature AMR power control is used to minimize the interference in the radio
network by controlling the output power for terminals using the AMR speech codec
separately. The result is a possibility to increase the radio network capacity as well
as improve speech quality due to reduced interference.
Benefits
Increased capacity in networks with a mix of AMR and non-AMR capable handsets.
Enhanced speech quality for connections not using AMR full rate.
Optimized power consumption for AMR full rate compatible handsets.
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AMR Power Control

Introduced in R10,enhanced in R12 with AMRHR
Separate regulation targets for MS/BTS Power Control

AMR connection can use less power
AMR codec can handle the increased bit error
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AMR Power Control

The AMR FR speech coding is more robust and can perform well on low C/I
levels. This results in a possibility to down regulate the output power of AMR FR
connections more than for non-AMR or AMR HR connections.
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AMR Power Control
Increased capacity in mixed EFR/AMR scenarios

Same speech quality for EFR and AMR users
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Separate AMR Power Control Algorithm

Separate regulation targets for AMR : More aggressive settings can be used
compared to EFR
AMR-HR calls are controlled by the same settings as EFR until BSS R12. AMR
Power Control introduces separate regulation targets in the power control
algorithm for calls using Half Rate AMR, optimizing the performance in BSS
R12.
Parameter
Description
Range
AMRPCSTATE
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) power control state.
ACTIVE or INACTIVE
SSDESULAFR
Target value for AMR FR connections for the desired signal strength uplink
47 to 110
SSDESDLAFR
Target value for AMR FR connections for the desired signal strength downlink
47 to 110
QDESULAFR
Desired quality uplink for AMR FR connections
0 to 76
QDESDLAFR
Desired quality downlink for AMR FR connections.
0 to 76
Last 4 parameters available for HR also
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AMR Radio Link Timers feature introduces separate radio link timers for calls using
AMR where the parameter RLINKT will be replaced with RLINKTAFR for connections
using the codec type AMR FR,RLINKTAHR for connections using the codec type AMR
HR and parameter RLINKUP will be replaced with RLINKUPAFR for connections using
the codec type AMR FR,RLINKUPAHR for connections using the codec type AMR HR.
In the uplink, the algorithm is the same, but managed by the BSC and basing the
decisions on successfully decoded measurement results on the uplink, that is in the base
station parameter RLINKUP controls the algorithm, unless the connections are using
codec type AMR FR where RLINKUPAFR are used.
The algorithm is of the type "leaky bucket", and bases the decisions on successfully
decoded SACCH messages (480 ms). There is a "bucket", initially containing a number
given by parameter RLINKT, RLINKTAFR or RLINKTAHR for downlink and
RLINKUP, RLINKUPAFR or RLINKUPAHR for uplink.
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When a SACCH message has been received but not successfully decoded, the "bucket"
counter is decreased by one unit. When a frame is successfully decoded, it is increased

by two units. If the "bucket" becomes empty, that is the "bucket" counter runs down to
zero, the MS terminates the connection.
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RLINKTAFR :The maximum value of the radio downlink counter for AMR FR connections.
RLINKTAHR :The maximum value of the radio downlink counter for AMR HR connections.
Range:8 to 64 in steps of 4
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms).
RLINKUPAFR:The maximum value of the radio link counter on the uplink for AMR FR
connections.
Range:8 to 64 in steps of 4
Range:1 to 63
RLIKUPAHR:The maximum value of the radio link counter on the uplink for AMR HR
connections.
Range:1 to 63
Unit:SACCH periods (480 ms)
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AMR Half Rate
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AMR Half Rate

Introduced in BSS R10, Enhanced in G10A
Summary
The AMR Half Rate speech codec provides significantly better speech quality
for half rate channels than the standard Half Rate codec. With AMR Half Rate,
the use of half rate traffic channels becomes a more attractive solution to
increase radio network capacity.
Operator Benefits
Reduced cost of ownership and Increased revenue
BSS G1A Enhancements
In BSS G10A, AMR HR is enhanced with Improved configuration capability.
Increased speech quality: Possible to start with a codec mode
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AMR Half Rate

Two predefined Active Codec Sets
Define own Active Codec Sets
Included modes
Mode change thresholds
AMR statistics
Codec mode utilization
Call drop rate
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AMR Half Rate

Speech quality between EFR and FR
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AMR Wideband
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AMR Wideband-Introduction
The feature AMR Wide Band was introduced in BSS R08A.
AMR Wide Band (AMR-WB) is a new speech codec that provides
significantly improved speech quality. This is accomplished by
using a speech bandwidth of 0.1 to 7 kHz compared to the
traditional 0.3 to 3.4 kHz bandwidth used for the existing GSM
codecs and in the fixed networks. By adding both low and high
frequencies to the speech a much clearer and more pleasant
speech is achieved.
AMR-WB is implemented for the GSM Full Rate channel using
GMSK modulation with three codec modes as defined in the 3GPP
standards.
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AMR-WB
Significant speech quality improvement for mobile to mobile calls

Better than todays wireline networks
Audio spectrum 100-7000 Hz instead of 300-3400 Hz

Seamless support in and between GSM and WCDMA
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Feature Overview
All nodes involved in a call from one subscriber to another must
have support for AMR-WB, this includes all MSs, RBSs,

BSCs,MGws and MSC servers.
3 codec modes for AMR-WB / FR channel with GMSK modulation
Codec modes: 6.60, 8.85, 12.65 kbps
New TRA pool is required for AMR-WB

Fallback to FR_AMR at AMR-WB establishment failure is possible.
If AMR-WB can not be established end to end, the call is changed
to use the next available full rate codec supported in the network
Possibility to inhibit FR->HR adaptation for AMR-WB due to a big
difference in speech quality.
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Performance comparison
EFR, FR_AMR, AMR-WB
Always better than EFR

About same radio capacity and error robustness as FR_AMR
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Network Impact / Dependencies

No of channels per board
BSC HW Impact
TRA R6 or later is required.
BTS HW Impact
sTRU/dTRU or similar TRU is required
BSS Characteristics
Dependencies to other BSS features
None
Dependencies to other NE
Support in core network is required.
Terminals
Support in terminals is required.
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1) TRA R6B is available in BSS R12

2) TRA R7 is available in BSS 06B
DYNAMIC HALF RATE
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DYNAMIC HALF RATE ALLOCATION

A separate traffic load threshold introduced that only applies to
terminals that supports the AMR half rate speech codec.
Use HR only when and where it is needed
Better utilization of AMR HR
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DHA parameters
DTHAMR is the threshold parameter for AMR HR capable MSs at channel allocation below which
an AMR MS will be allocated a HR channel. The parameter expresses the ratio between idle and
de-blocked TCHs in percent and is set per cell. It can be set per priority level if using Speech Quality
Priority.
DTHNAMR is the threshold parameter for non AMR HR but DR capable MSs at channel allocation
below which a DR capable MS will be allocated a HR channel. The parameter expresses the ratio
between idle and de-blocked TCHs in percent and is set per cell. It can be set per priority level if
using Speech Quality Priority.
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Dynamic Mode Adaptation
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Mode adaptation
New feature in R10, Enhanced in R07B, by introducing Traffic load threshold to initiate HR to FR
handover
Capacity boost from HR only when needed to avoid congestion
Operator settable thresholds for AMR.
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Parameters
Parameter
Description
Range
DMTHAMR
HR packing threshold parameter for AMR HR capable mobiles.
0 to 100
DMQBAMR
Channel quality threshold for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable mobiles
using a HR traffic channel.
0 to 100
DMQGAMR
Channel quality threshold for Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) capable mobiles
using a FR traffic channel.
0 to 100
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Intra-cell Handovers and Urgency Conditions
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Separate Intra-cell HO parameters

Separate triggers in Intra-cell Handover
More aggressive settings for AMR FR to reduce Intra-cell Handovers
Parameters: SSOFFSETULAFR, SSOFFSETDLAFR, QOFFSETULAFR,
QOFFSETDLAFR
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Locating: Separate Bad Quality Urgency HO

parameters
Separate triggers in Bad Quality Urgency Handover
More aggressive settings for AMR FR to reduce quality urgency
Handovers
Parameters: QLIMULAFR, QLIMDLAFR, BQOFFSETAFR
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AMR Impact (Locating, Handover Bad Quality Urgency

Conditions)
For connections using the codec type AMR Full Rate there are
separate bad quality limits for the urgency detection (QLIMDLAFR
in downlink and QLIMULAFR in uplink). The greater robustness of
the AMR FR channel, suggests higher values, if compared with
the ones used at present, of these parameters for reducing the
numbers of unnecessary inter cell handovers for bad quality
reasons.
It is not allowed to perform a bad quality urgency handover to a
worse cell from anywhere in the serving cell. The parameter
BQOFFSETAFR regulates the Urgency handovers borders.
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Parameter Description
Parameter
Description
Range
SSOFFSETULAFR
Offset for signal strength uplink for AMR FR connections.
-30 to +30
SSOFFSETDLAFR
Offset for signal strength downlink for AMR FR connections.
-30 to +30
QOFFSETULAFR
Offset for quality uplink for AMR FR connections.
-50 to +50
QOFFSETDLAFR
Offset for quality downlink for AMR FR connections.
-50 to +50
QLIMULAFR
QLIMDLAFR
BQOFFSETAFR
Downlink quality threshold for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR
connections.
Uplink quality threshold for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR
connections.
Signal strength region for bad quality urgency handovers for AMR FR connections.
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0 to 100
0 to 100
0 to 63
Self Configuring Transcoder Pools
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Self Configuring Transcoder Pools

Efficient use of Transcoder
resources
Simplified O&M
OSS required
TRA R5A, R5B & TRA R6
The feature offers automatic reconfiguration of Transcoder HW and
Transcoder pools based on Transcoder pool usage statistics.
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Self Configuring Transcoder Pool

Automatically re-dimension the transcoder pools based on usage
in each pool
Benefits: Reduced operation and maintenance activities
More efficient transcoder HW usage
Two Modes: Immediate Mode Reconfiguration

Delayed Mode Reconfiguration: Operator to specify time and
frequency
Event log maintained in the BSC for the operator to review

Parameters: TTRAREQUIRED, TTRAEXCESS, MINPOOLSIZE,
RECMODE, RECTIME, NDAYS
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Self Configuring Transcoder Pools: Parameters

The percentage idle resources in each transcoder pool shall be reported every
10th second and the mean percentage of idle resources overthe last
TIMERECONFminutes is calculated.
The TIMERECONFis set to 2 minutes for immediate reconfiguration and 60
minutes for delayed reconfiguration. Every 10th second isthe frequency
for accumulating STS counters today.
TIMERECONFis an application parameter and can not be changed by the
operator.
A transcoder pool with the mean percentage of idle resources below a
threshold, TTRAREQ, shall be a candidate to receive transcoder resources.
A transcoder pool with the mean percentage of idle resources equal to or above
a threshold, TTRAEXexcluding the idle transcoder resources to remove,
shall be a candidate to steal transcoder resources from.
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AMR Measurements
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Object Types
Transcoder level statistics are available on TRAPEVENT
Traffic counters belong to object types CLTCHFV3 and
CLTCHHV3
Codec mode utilization counters (uplink and downlink), belong to
object types CLTCHFV3C and CLTCHHV3C.
FER counters, belong to object types CELLAFFER and
CELLAHFER.
Dropped call counters, belong to object types CLTCHDRAF and
CLTCHDRAH.
SQI counters, belong to object types CELLSQI and CELLSQIDL.
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TRAPEVENT
Counter Name
Description
TPACC
Number of accumulations
TPACTTR
Active Transcoder Resources
TPAVTR
Available Transcoder Resources
TPIDLTR
Idle Transcoder Resources
TPALLOC
Transcoder Resource Allocation Attempts
TPCONG
Transcoder Resource Congestion
TPCTIME
Transcoder Resource Congestion Time
TPSYNCF
V.110 Synchronization Failure for pooled transcoder devices
TPTFOESTATT
Number of TFO establishment attempts
TPTFOEST
Number of successful TFO establishments
TPTFOTIME
Accumulated number of seconds all TFO capable devices have been used in a speech call
TPTFOOPETIME
Accumulated number of seconds all TFO capable devices have been in TFO operation mode
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CLTCHFV3 and CLTCHHV3

Object Type
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CALLS
Call attempt counter
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CALLSSUB
Call attempt counter for overlaid subcell
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TCONGS
TCH congestion time
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TCONSUB
TCH congestion time for overlaid subcell
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TRALACC
Traffic level accumulator
CLTCHFV3
TFV3NSCAN
Number of accumulations of traffic level counter
CLTCHFV3
TFV3TRALSUB
TCH traffic level accumulated in overlaid subcell
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSAS
Number of congestion at assignment
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSASSUB
Number of congestion at assignment, overlaid subcell
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSHO
Number of congestion at handover
CLTCHFV3
TFV3CONGSHOSUB
Number of congestion at handover, overlaid subcell
CLTCHHV3
THV3CALLS
Call attempt counter
CLTCHHV3
THV3CALLSSUB
Call attempt counter for overlaid subcell
CLTCHHV3
THV3TCONGS
TCH congestion time
CLTCHHV3
THV3TCONSUB
TCH congestion time for overlaid subcell
CLTCHHV3
THV3TRALACC
Traffic level accumulator
CLTCHHV3
THV3NSCAN
Number of accumulations of traffic level counter
CLTCHHV3
THV3TRALSUB
TCH traffic level accumulated in overlaid subcell
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSAS
Number of congestion at assignment
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSASSUB
Number of congestion at assignment, overlaid subcell
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSHO
Number of congestion at handover
CLTCHHV3
THV3CONGSHOSUB
Number of congestion at handover, overlaid subcell
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CLTCHFV3C and CLTCHHV3C

Object Type
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM1UL
Time (number of frames) on TCH/F SPV3 Mode 1 uplink
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM2UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM3UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM4UL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM1DL
Time (number of frames) on TCH/F SPV3 Mode 1 downlink
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM2DL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM3DL
CLTCHFV3C
TFV3CM4DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM1UL
Time (number of frames) on TCH/H SPV3 Mode 1 uplink
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM2UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM3UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM4UL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM1DL
Time (number of frames) on TCH/H SPV3 Mode 1 downlink
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM2DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM3DL
CLTCHHV3C
THV3CM4DL
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CELLAFFER and CELLAHFER

Object Type
Counter Name
Description
CELLAxFER
TAx1ULFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range 0-FERTHR1, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx2ULFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR1-FERTHR2, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx3ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4ULFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5ULFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR4-96, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx1ULSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range 0-FERTHR1, overlaid subcell, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx2ULSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR1-FERTHR2, overlaid subcell, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx3ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4ULSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5ULSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR4-96, overlaid subcell, UL
CELLAxFER
TAx1DLFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range 0-FERTHR1, DL
CELLAxFER
TAx2DLFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR1-FERTHR2, DL
CELLAxFER
TAxDL3FER
CELLAxFER
TAx4DLFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5DLFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR4-96, DL
CELLAxFER
TAx1DLSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range 0-FERTHR1, overlaid subcell, DL
CELLAxFER
TAx2DLSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR1-FERTHR2, overlaid subcell, DL
CELLAxFER
TAx3DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx4DLSUBFER
CELLAxFER
TAx5DLSUBFER
Number of FER occurrences in the range FERTHR4-96, overlaid subcell, DL
X = F for FR and H for HR
For internal use

65
CLTCHDRAF and CLTCHDRAH

Object Type
Counter Name
Description
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISTAA
Dropped connections at excessive TA
CLTCHDRAx
TxSUDLOSA
Suddenly lost connections
CLTCHDRAx
TxSUDLOSSUBA
Suddenly lost connections in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSDLA
Dropped connections at low signal strength downlink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSDLSUBA
Dropped connections at low signal strength downlink in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSULA
Dropped connections at low signal strength uplink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSULSUBA
Dropped connections at low signal strength uplink in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSBLA
Dropped connections at low signal strength bothlink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISSBLSUBA
Dropped connections at low signal strength bothlink in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQADLA
Dropped connections at bad quality downlink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQADLSUBA
Dropped connections at bad quality downlink in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQAULA
Dropped connections at bad quality uplink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQAULSUBA
Dropped connections at bad quality uplink in overlaid subcell
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQABLA
Dropped connections at bad quality bothlink
CLTCHDRAx
TxDISQABLSUBA
Dropped connections at bad quality bothlink in overlaid subcell
For internal use

66
CELLSQI and CELLSQIDL

Object Type
Counter Name
Description
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODAF
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODAH
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODSUBAF
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIGOODSUBAH
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTAF
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTAH
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTSUBAF
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIACCPTSUBAH
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADAF
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADAH
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADSUBAF
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQI
TSQIBADSUBAH
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODAFDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODAHDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODSUBAFDL Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIGOODSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with good speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTAFDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTAHDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTSUBAFDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIACCPTSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with acceptable speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on
downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADAFDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
CELLSQID
TSQIBADAHDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3 on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADSUBAFDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/F and the speech version is SPV3
on downlink.
CELLSQID
TSQIBADSUBAHDL
Number of measurements with unsatisfactory speech quality in overlaid subcell when the channel rate is TCH/H and the speech version is SPV3
on downlink.

For internal use
67
Potential Impact on Network Performance
For internal use

68
AMR Effect on Dropped Calls

The AMR can reduce number of call drops since the RxQual is still good at low
C/I conditions. With the use of lowest codec modes, the call can still sustain due to
high channel coding and low speech coding rates.
The AMR Radio Link Timeout value should be higher than the Radio Link
Timeout since AMR is more robust against poor C/I conditions. So a condition may
arise where the Radio Link Timeout decreases rapidly (since SACCH Frames are
not AMR Coded) but the speech might still be good enough to continue the call.
For internal use

69
AMR Effect on Busy Hour Congestion

The use of AMRHR can increase the Network Utilization since at low C/I
conditions, Half Rate can be employed. The same network without AMR shall
offer lesser traffic due to effect of interference. Therefore Busy Hour congestion
can be minimized with the use of AMRHR.
For internal use

70
Technical Behavior of AMR vs. EFR
EFR calls get very bad speech quality at C/I ~7dB

AMR calls get very bad speech quality at C/I ~2 dB
EFR and AMR calls drop due to signaling at C/I ~4 dB
Exactly the same signaling channel (SACCH), AMR has effect on TCH only
Call drops occur when signaling channel is too disturbed
same for EFR and AMR
For internal use

71
AMR Impact on Subscriber Behavior
Subscribers experience better speech quality with AMR FR and hold on to the
call until it drops due to bad SAACH performance instead of initiating a
disconnection themselves.
For this reason, the parameters RLINKTAFR,RLINKTAHR, RLINKUPAFR,
RLINKUPAHR has to be set to a higher value than RLINKT, RLINKUP to give a
robust SACCH due to the longer holding time.
For internal use
72
AMR Effect on Handovers/Power Control

RXLEV and Power Budget HO parameters identical for AMR and EFR
There are no separate settings for AMR for Handovers in terms of RxLev. Therefore,
RxLev and PBGT based HOs, POC shall take place in identical manner for AMR and
non AMR calls.
Separate thresholds are available for BQ urgency conditions and Intra-Cell
handovers.
Separate power control settings for AMR

Power Control thresholds can be set separately for AMR.
For internal use

73
MCCI Tehran Ericsson Network AMR Trends
For internal use

74
Traffic Distribution
Test Case: B071E (1st Week of April)
Traffic Profile for B071E
For internal use

75
CODEC MODE UTILIZATION

Full Rate: Downlink
Full Rate: Uplink
Half Rate: Downlink
Half Rate: Uplink
For internal use

76
SQI Distribution
AMR FR Samples
For internal use

77
AMR HR Samples
Non- AMR Samples

AMR - Ericsson Network AMR - Ericsson NetworkAMR - Ericsson Network

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Adaptive Multi Rate Ericsson Network

19th April, 2011

For internal use

For internal use

For internal use

For internal use

AMR Introduction Codec Data Rates

Channel bit-rate (kbit/s)

For internal use

FR 7.4 FR 6.7 FR 5.9

HR 7.4 HR 6.7 HR 5.9

AMR codec mode

AMR Introduction Codec Data Rates

AMR Full Rate performance compared to

5 CODEC MODE for HR

AMR Half Rate performance compared to

For internal use

C/I vs. FER performance, AMR FR

For internal use

C/I vs. FER performance, AMR HR

AMR 7.95 kbit/s

AMR 7.4 kbit/s

For internal use

AMR FR codec mode adaptation example

AMR Coverage benefits:

Current Full Rate &

AMR Full Rate

For internal use

Benefits of AMR 1/2

Capacity and coverage gain: Link level simulation results illustrated

For internal use

Benefits of AMR 2/2

When compare AMR HR to previous GSM HR codec, it is noticed that AMR HR

For internal use

AMR Requirements & Network Considerations

For internal use

For internal use

AMR Enhancements in Ericsson System

For internal use

For internal use

2G AMR Parameters BSC Level

2G AMR Parameters BSC Level

For internal use

Codec Modes and Decision thresholds

For internal use

Predefined Full Rate codec Sets

For internal use

Predefined Half Rate codec Sets

For internal use

Parameter Summary Cell Level

For internal use

BTS and MS Power Control

BTS Power Control

Intra Cell Handover

Bad Quality Urgency HO conditions

Radio Link Timeout Timers

Dynamic Half Rate

AMR Power Control

For internal use

AMR Power Control

For internal use

AMR Power Control

For internal use