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16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.6
General Considerations
Operating Point Analysis and Design
CMOS Amplifier Topologies
Common-Source Topology
Summary and Additional Examples
Chapter Summary
Chapter Outline
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rin
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Ramp 0
vX
Rin
iX
Rout
vX
iX
i X 0 Rin
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rout rO
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rout
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
gm
Impedance Summary
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
10
11
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
12
Microphone Output
20mV
0V
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
13
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
14
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
15
Simple Biasing
VGS
R2
VDD
R1 R2
16
nCox 100A / V 2
W L 5 0.18
0
R1 20K
R2 15K
ID
R2
1
W
nCox
2
L
VD m in VGS
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
17
Capacitive Coupling
18
R2VDD
VGS V1 VTH V 2V1
VTH
R
R
2
1
1
V1
W
nCox RS
L
2
1
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
19
VTH 0.5V
nCox 100A / V 2
W / L 5 / 0.18
0
V1
1
0.36V
W
nCox RS
L
RV
VGS V1 VTH V12 2V1 2 DD VTH
R1 R2
V (VX VTH )
RD DD
3.25K
ID
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
0.974V
20
nCox 100A / V 2
RD 2.5K
V V
A W
2
I D m ax DD Y 406A 50 2 0.38V
RD
V L
W
L
56.2
m ax
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
VGS VTH
RS min
2I D
1.041V
W
nCox
L
V VGS
X
604
ID
21
ID
1
W
nCox VDD RS RD I D VTH 2
2
L
22
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
I D 556A
I D 278A RD 2.867K
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
23
0
R1 20 K
R2 15K
VTH 0.5V
VGS
R2
VDD 0.771V
R1 R2
1
W
2
I D p Cox VGS VTH 56A
2
L
Saturation RD m ax 27.3K
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
24
p Cox 50A / V 2
W L 5 0.18
0
VTH 0.5V
1
W
I D p Cox VDD I D RD VTH
2
L
I D 418 A
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
25
26
27
28
If the input is applied to the gate and the output is sensed at the
drain, the circuit is called a common-source (CS) stage.
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
29
vout
g m v1
RD
Av g m RD
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
30
Example: CS Stage
I D 1mA
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
W
1
g m 2nCox I D
L
300
Av g m RD 3.33
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
VGS VTH
VGS VTH
2I D
1.1V
W
nCox
L
0.6V ,VDD RD I D 0.8V
31
nCox 100A / V 2
W L 5 0.18
0
32
vx
Rin
ix
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rout
vx
RD
ix
33
Av g m RD || rO
Rout RD || rO
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
34
Example: Gain
No Channel-Length Modulation
Av x
Av x 2
1
rO
RD
I D
1
I D RD
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
35
Example: RD
Av g m rO
Av
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
W
L 2 nCoxWL
ID
ID
2 nCox
36
Av g m1 rO1 || rO 2
Rout rO1 || rO 2
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
37
Av g m1 rO1 || rO 2
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
38
Av g m1
|| rO 2 || rO1
gm2
1
Rout
|| rO 2 || rO1
gm2
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
39
Av g m 2
|| rO 2 || rO1
g m1
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
40
Av
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
RD
1
RS
gm
41
Av
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
RD
1
1
g m1 g m 2
42
With Degeneration
g m 1 200
g m 1 200
Av 8
Av 4
g m RD 8 RD 1.6 K
g m RD
4 RS 1 g m 200
1 g m RS
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
43
Effective Transconductance
Gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
iout
gm
vin 1 g m RS
44
Rout rO g m rO 1RS
Rout rO 1 g m RS
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
45
46
nCox 100A / V 2
0.25V 1
VDS m in 0.3V
VGS V TH 150
1 g m R S rO RS 20K
RS 578
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
47
1 1
R out rO1 1 g m1
gm2 gm2
g m1 g m 2 g m Rout 2rO1
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
48
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
49
No Amplification!!
100 || 50 K
VX
2.5V 2.5mV
100 K 100 || 50 K
50
Capacitive Coupling
51
1
W
I D nCox
2
L
R2
VDD VTH
R1 R2
52
vout
g m RD || rO
vin
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
53
Rin1
Rin 2 R1 || R2
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rout RD || rO
54
55
Req RD || Rsp 8
Av g m RD || Rsp 0.08
56
R1 || R2
Av
g m RD
RG R1 || R2
57
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
0
VDD 1.8V
VRS 400mV
RS 148
g m 1 46.3
W L 864
RD 463 2
R1 64.3K, R2 225K
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
58
Concept Summary
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
59
Common-Gate Stage
60
Av g m RD
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
61
I D 0.5mA
W L 50
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
VDD 1.8V
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
62
1
Rin
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
63
64
Rout rO || RD
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
65
Rout
Av
Rin
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
66
vout
RD
1
vin
RS
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
67
Rout RD || 1 g m RS rO RS
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
68
RoutCG RoutCS RD || 1 g m RS rO RS
Since when calculating the output impedance, the input voltage
source of the CG stage is grounded, the result will be identical
to that of a CS stage if the same assumptions are made for both
circuits.
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
69
vout
g m1 RD
vin 1 g m1 g m 2 RS
=0
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Rout g m1rO1
|| RS rO1 || RD
gm2
>0
70
71
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
72
1
Rin
|| R1
gm
1
Av
g m RD
1 1 g m R1 RS
73
1
R1
gm
To maximize the useful current i2, R1 needs to be much larger
than 1/gm.
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
74
0
Av 5
RS 0, R1 500
1 / g m 50
Power 2mW
VDD 1.8V
VGS 0.8V
W L 244
g m 2 I D / VGS VTH 136.4
RD 682
RG1 45k, RG 2 135k
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
75
0
Av 5
RS 0, R1 500
1 / g m 50
Power 2mW
VDD 1.8V
L
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
Av
VGS VTH VGS VTH VR1
2
2I D
VDD VR1
nCox 2
Av 2
76
Source Follower
Source follower sense the input at the gate and produces the
output at the source.
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
77
78
vout
RS
1
vin
RS
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
79
VA
Av 1
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
80
vout
RS
1
vin
RS
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
81
vout
rO || RS
vin r || R 1
O
S
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
82
Av
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
rO1 || rO 2
rO1 || rO 2
1
gm
83
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
0
VDD 1.8V
Av
RS
1
RS
gm
0.5
1
50
W L 360
gm
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
84
Rout
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
|| rO || RS
gm
85
nCox 100A / V 2
VTH 0.5V
0
VDD 1.8V
RG 50k
Av
RS
RS 867
VGS VTH
RS
2I D
86
87
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
88
Av g m1
|| rO1 || rO 2 || rO 3
g m3
1
Rout
|| rO1 || rO 2 || rO3
g m3
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
89
rO 2
Av
1
1
|| rO 3
g m1 g m 3
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
90
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
rO 2
1
RS
g m1
91
Av
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
RD
1
1
g m1 g m 2
92
1
|| rO 2
gm2
vout1
1
1
vin
|| rO 2
gm2
g m1
vout 2
vin
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
1
|| rO 3 || rO 4
g m3
1
1
|| rO 2
g m1 g m 2
93
Chapter Summary
The impedances looking into the gate, drain, and source of a
MOS are equal to , rO and 1/gm respectively (under proper
conditions).
The transistor has to be properly biased before small-signal
can be applied.
Resistive path between the supply rails establishes the gate
bias voltage.
Only three amplifiers topologies are possible.
CS stage provides moderate AV, high Rin and moderate Rout.
Source degeneration improves linearity but lower AV.
Source degeneration raises the Rout of CS stage considerably.
CG stage provides moderate AV, low Rin and moderate Rout.
AV for CS and CG stages are similar but for a sign.
Source follower provides AV less than 1, high Rin and low Rout,
serving as a good voltage buffer.
CH 16 CMOS Amplifiers
94